Publication: Seramik fabrikalarında ekserji analizi
Abstract
SERAMİK FABRİKALARINDA EKSERJİ ANALİZİ Ekonominin temel girdisi olan enerjiyi, ucuz, sürekli ve kaliteli olarak üretmek küreselleşen dünyanın ekonomisinde daha etkin rol almanın ilk ve en önemli şartı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kojenerasyonun temelinde güç üretimi yapan bir ısı makinesinin atık ısısından yararlanma vardır. Kojenerasyon, öncelikli ısı olmak üzere elektrik ve/ veya mekanik enerjilerin bir arada üretilmesidir. Yanma ürünü olarak 400-500oC sıcaklıktaki egzoz gazından ve sistem soğutmasından elde edilen ısıların, ısı değiştiricilerinden geçirilerek buhar veya sıcak su elde edilmesidir. Kojenerasyon toplam sistem verimi %80-90 civarlarındadır. İlk yatırım gideri 2-3 yıl gibi çok kısa bir sürede geri ödenir. Temel olarak elektrik enerjisi üretimi işlemi, kullanılan primer yakıtın yanmasıyla, kimyasal enerjisinin mekanik enerjiye bu enerjinin de jeneratör yardımıyla elektrik enerjisine dönüşmesidir. Kojenerasyonda birincil amaç yakıt enerjisinden en yüksek oranda yararlanmaktır. Enerjiden yararlanma amacı, kojenerasyon santralinde bir yılda üretilen ısı ve elektrik enerjilerinin toplamının tüketilen yakıt enerjisine oranı olarak tanımlanır. Sadece elektrik üretilen santrallerde bu değer %25-40 arasındayken, kojenerasyon santrallerinde bu değer %90'ların üstüne çıkabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada mevcut bir seramik fabrikası kojenerasyon sistemine enerji ve ekserji analizleri uygulanarak ünite ünite enerji ve ekserji kayıpları belirlenmiş ve bulunan değerlerin karşılaştırılması ile en büyük kayıp enerjili üniteler saptanmıştır. Aralık-2004 Yakup KILIÇARSLAN
The most important thing that we need in order to take in part in this global economy is to produce cheap, continuous and qualified energy which is the main input of the economy. Cogeneration is based on the recuperation of wasted heat that is emitted from heat engine. Initially cogeneration is used for producing heat. Besides this, it is used for producing electrical and/ or mechanical energy together. As a combustion product, exhaust gases with 400-500 oC, and heat obtained from system cooling are used. Cogeneration is passing of these products over heat engines and obtaining steam and hot water. The total productivity of the cogeneration system is about 80-90 %. The initial cost is amortized in 2-3 years. Basically, the process of producing electricity is the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy and mechanical energy to electrical energy with the help of generator during combustion of the primary fuel. The main goal in cogeneration is utilized from the fuel energy with the highest performance. The ratio of energy utilization is defined as the ratio of total heat and electrical energy obtained in one year to consumed fuel energy. Although the ratio of energy utilization is about 25-40% in the power stations which produce only electricity; this ratio can be above 90 % in cogeneration plants. In this study, firstly energy and exergy analysis are applied to the cogeneration system of an available ceramic factory; then, energy and exergy losses are identified unit by unit. Finally, these values are compared and the most inefficient units are determined. December-2004 Yakup KILIÇARSLAN
The most important thing that we need in order to take in part in this global economy is to produce cheap, continuous and qualified energy which is the main input of the economy. Cogeneration is based on the recuperation of wasted heat that is emitted from heat engine. Initially cogeneration is used for producing heat. Besides this, it is used for producing electrical and/ or mechanical energy together. As a combustion product, exhaust gases with 400-500 oC, and heat obtained from system cooling are used. Cogeneration is passing of these products over heat engines and obtaining steam and hot water. The total productivity of the cogeneration system is about 80-90 %. The initial cost is amortized in 2-3 years. Basically, the process of producing electricity is the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy and mechanical energy to electrical energy with the help of generator during combustion of the primary fuel. The main goal in cogeneration is utilized from the fuel energy with the highest performance. The ratio of energy utilization is defined as the ratio of total heat and electrical energy obtained in one year to consumed fuel energy. Although the ratio of energy utilization is about 25-40% in the power stations which produce only electricity; this ratio can be above 90 % in cogeneration plants. In this study, firstly energy and exergy analysis are applied to the cogeneration system of an available ceramic factory; then, energy and exergy losses are identified unit by unit. Finally, these values are compared and the most inefficient units are determined. December-2004 Yakup KILIÇARSLAN