Publication: Analysis of absorption chiller systems : a case study for a wood pencil factory
Abstract
Dünya, teknoloji ve mühendislik alanında giderek gelişiyor, nüfus artıyor ve buna bağlı olarak enerji talepleri de artıyor. Bu yoğunlaşan enerji talebi yüksek bir maliyeti de beraberinde getirdi. Maliyetin yanı sıra enerji üretmek için kullanılan yöntemler, sera gazlarının ve florlu gazların açığa çıkması ile atmosferde sera etkisi yaratmış ve dünyanın küresel ısınma endeksini artırmıştır. Enerji maliyetlerini ve çevreye verilen zararı azaltmak için en faydalı ortak çözüm, enerji verimliliğine odaklanmaktır.Bu tez, bir vaka çalışması olarak enerji ve ekserji analizleri yaparak, atık ısı ile belirlenmiş bir endüstriyel tesiste absorpsiyonlu soğutucu makinelerin kullanımını incelemektedir. Geleneksel soğutma yöntemleri yerine absorpsiyonlu chiller yönteminin enerji, ekserji ve ekonomik açıdan avantaj ve dezavantajları tez boyunca detaylı olarak tartışılmıştır. Farklı parametrelerin enerji verimliliği, ekserji verimliliği ve ekonomi üzerindeki etkileri kapsamlı bir şekilde araştırılmaktadır.Tek etkili, çift etkili seri akış, çift etkili paralel akış ve çift etkili ters paralel akış gibi tüm standart absorpsiyonlu soğutucu sistemler, standart bir kompresörlü soğutucuya doğru alternatifi bulmak için incelenmiştir. Jeneratör, evaporatör ve kondenser sıcaklık artışlarına göre yapılan incelemelerde en yüksek verimli absorpsiyon sistemi çift etkili paralel akışlı sistem olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm sistemlerde jeneratör sıcaklığı arttıkça verim biraz artsa da enerji transfer hızındaki düşüş nedeniyle verim artışı belli bir noktadan sonra durur. Analizler sırasında paralel akış tipi ve ters paralel tip birbirine çok yakın olmasına rağmen paralel akış sisteminin verimi ters tip sisteme göre daha yüksektir. Çalışmada, seçilen çift etkili paralel akışlı absorpsiyonlu soğutucu ile geleneksel soğutucunun ekonomik karşılaştırması yapılmıştır. Tüm çalışmalar sonucunda tesisin olası bir cihaz değişimi durumunda amortisman süresi de hesaplanmıştır.
The world is developing more and more in the discipline of technology and engineering. The population is growing, and accordingly, the energy demands are increasing. This intensified energy demand brought a high cost. Besides the cost, the methods used to produce energy caused the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere and increased the global warming index ofthe world with the release of greenhouse gases, and fluorinated gases. The most beneficial common solution for reducing energy costs and environmental damage is to focus on energy efficiency.This thesis examines the use of absorption chiller machines in a designated industrial facility with waste heat by conducting energy and exergy analyses as a case study. The advantages and disadvantages of the absorption chiller method instead of traditional refrigeration methods from the energy, exergy, and economic points of view are discussed in details throughout the thesis. The effects of different parameters on energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and economic are investigated comprehensively.All standard types of absorption chiller systems, such as single-effect, double-effect series flow, double-effect parallel flow, and double effect reverse parallel flow, were examined to find the right alternative to a standard compressor chiller. The highest efficiency absorption system was determined as double effect parallel flow in the examinations made according to the temperature increases of the generator, evaporator, and condenser. Even though the efficiency increases a little as the generator temperature increases in all systems, the increase in efficiency is fixed after a certain point due to the decrease in the energy transfer rate.During the analyses, although the parallel flow type and reverse parallel type are very close to each other, the parallel flow system’s efficiency is higher than the reverse type system. The economic comparison of the selected double effect parallel flow type absorption chiller and the conventional chiller has been carried out in the study. As a result of all studies, the facility's payback period in case of a possible device replacement was calculated.
The world is developing more and more in the discipline of technology and engineering. The population is growing, and accordingly, the energy demands are increasing. This intensified energy demand brought a high cost. Besides the cost, the methods used to produce energy caused the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere and increased the global warming index ofthe world with the release of greenhouse gases, and fluorinated gases. The most beneficial common solution for reducing energy costs and environmental damage is to focus on energy efficiency.This thesis examines the use of absorption chiller machines in a designated industrial facility with waste heat by conducting energy and exergy analyses as a case study. The advantages and disadvantages of the absorption chiller method instead of traditional refrigeration methods from the energy, exergy, and economic points of view are discussed in details throughout the thesis. The effects of different parameters on energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and economic are investigated comprehensively.All standard types of absorption chiller systems, such as single-effect, double-effect series flow, double-effect parallel flow, and double effect reverse parallel flow, were examined to find the right alternative to a standard compressor chiller. The highest efficiency absorption system was determined as double effect parallel flow in the examinations made according to the temperature increases of the generator, evaporator, and condenser. Even though the efficiency increases a little as the generator temperature increases in all systems, the increase in efficiency is fixed after a certain point due to the decrease in the energy transfer rate.During the analyses, although the parallel flow type and reverse parallel type are very close to each other, the parallel flow system’s efficiency is higher than the reverse type system. The economic comparison of the selected double effect parallel flow type absorption chiller and the conventional chiller has been carried out in the study. As a result of all studies, the facility's payback period in case of a possible device replacement was calculated.