Publication: Nezahat Gökyiğit botanik bahçesi Gymnospermleri üzerinde palinolojik araştırmalar
Abstract
NEZAHAT GÖKYİĞİT BOTANİK BAHÇESİ GYMNOSPERMLERİ ÜZERİNDE PALİNOLOJİK ARAŞTIRMALAR Türkiye gerek coğrafi konumu gerekse iklim özellikleri nedeniyle, dünyanın en zengin bitki çeşitliliğine sahip ülkelerden biridir. Bu çeşitlilik içinde Gymnospermler de önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Çoğu bitkide olduğu gibi hem doğal bir zenginlik ve hem de ekonomik önemi olan Gymnospermlerin çeşitli özelliklerinin tanımlanması, kaynakların kayda geçirilmesi ve korunması büyük öneme sahiptir. Bitkilerde klasik morfolojik tanımlamalar yanında polen morfolojilerinin (polen boyutu, polen şekli, polen açıklıklarının tipi ve sayısı, polen dış çeperi ekzinin yüzey özellikleri vb.) mikroskobik (ışık-elektron) yöntemler kullanılarak belirlenmesi de yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Elde edilen polen morfolojisi ile ilgili veriler bitki sistematiği alanının yanı sıra bölgesel polen dağılımı, geçmişte ve devam eden iklim değişiklikleri, arkeolojik-jeolojik kayıtlar, coğrafik veriler, alerjik-solunum rahatsızlıkları ve polen ürünlerinin (bal vb.) kalitesi konularında da değerlendirilmektedir. Yapılan literatür taramaları ve takip edilen listelere bakıldığında, çalışmaların çoğunda Angiospermlere ait palinolojik özelliklerin vurgulandığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle bu tez çalışması, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi (NGBB) Gymnospermleri üzerinde yoğunlaşarak palinolojik açıdan mikroskobik incelemeler yapılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Gymnosperm türlerine ait polenler NGBB’de var olan ağaçlardan temin edilmiştir. Cupressaceae ve Pinaceae familyalarına ait 15 taksona ait polen taneleri Wodehouse yöntemi kullanılarak ışık mikroskobu düzeyinde incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Cupressaceae familyasına ait türler sferoidal şekilli ve granulat yüzey ornamentasyonlu, Pinaceae familyasına ait türler ise 2 adet hava kesesi içeren verrukat veya skabrat yüzey ornamentasyonlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu polen örneklerinin ait olduğu taksonların bir kısmı palinolojik özellikleri daha önce hiç kayda alınmamıştır. Elde ettiğimiz ışık mikroskobu verilerinin uzun vadede Türkiye’deki biyolojik çeşitliliğin kayda alınması, polen atlasının ve anahtarının oluşturulmasına da katkı sağlayacağı da düşünülmektedir.
PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON GYMNOSPERMS OF NEZAHAT GÖKYİĞİT BOTANICAL GARDEN Due to its geographical location and climatic characteristics, Turkey is one of the countries with the richest plant diversity in the world. Gymnosperms also have an important place in this diversity. As with most plants, the identification of various characteristics of Gymnosperms, which have both natural richness and economic importance, is of great importance in terms of recording and protecting resources. In addition to classical morphological definitions in plants, the determination of pollen morphology (pollen size, pollen shape, type and number of pollen openings, surface properties of pollen outer wall excise, etc.) using microscopic (light-electron) methods is also widely used. In addition to the field of plant systematics, the obtained data on pollen morphology are also evaluated on regional pollen distribution, past and ongoing climate changes, archaeological-geological records, geographical data, allergic-respiratory disorders and quality of pollen products (honey, etc.). When the literature reviews and the lists followed, it was seen that the palynological features of Angiosperms were emphasized in most of the studies. For this reason, this thesis study focuses on Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden (NGBB) Gymnosperms and aims to make microscopic examinations from a palynological point of view. Pollens belonging to Gymnosperm species were obtained from trees existing in NGBB. Pollen grains belonging to 15 taxa belonging to Cupressaceae and Pinaceae families were examined at the light microscope level using the Wodehouse method. According to the results obtained, the species belonging to the Cupressaceae family were determined to be spheroidal shaped and granulate surface ornamentation, while the species belonging to the Pinaceae family were determined to have verrucate or scabrate surface ornamentation containing 2 air sacs. The palynological features of some of the taxa to which these pollen samples belong have never been recorded before. It is also thought that the light microscopy data we have obtained will contribute to the recording of biological diversity in Turkey and the creation of the pollen atlas and key in the long term.
PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON GYMNOSPERMS OF NEZAHAT GÖKYİĞİT BOTANICAL GARDEN Due to its geographical location and climatic characteristics, Turkey is one of the countries with the richest plant diversity in the world. Gymnosperms also have an important place in this diversity. As with most plants, the identification of various characteristics of Gymnosperms, which have both natural richness and economic importance, is of great importance in terms of recording and protecting resources. In addition to classical morphological definitions in plants, the determination of pollen morphology (pollen size, pollen shape, type and number of pollen openings, surface properties of pollen outer wall excise, etc.) using microscopic (light-electron) methods is also widely used. In addition to the field of plant systematics, the obtained data on pollen morphology are also evaluated on regional pollen distribution, past and ongoing climate changes, archaeological-geological records, geographical data, allergic-respiratory disorders and quality of pollen products (honey, etc.). When the literature reviews and the lists followed, it was seen that the palynological features of Angiosperms were emphasized in most of the studies. For this reason, this thesis study focuses on Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanical Garden (NGBB) Gymnosperms and aims to make microscopic examinations from a palynological point of view. Pollens belonging to Gymnosperm species were obtained from trees existing in NGBB. Pollen grains belonging to 15 taxa belonging to Cupressaceae and Pinaceae families were examined at the light microscope level using the Wodehouse method. According to the results obtained, the species belonging to the Cupressaceae family were determined to be spheroidal shaped and granulate surface ornamentation, while the species belonging to the Pinaceae family were determined to have verrucate or scabrate surface ornamentation containing 2 air sacs. The palynological features of some of the taxa to which these pollen samples belong have never been recorded before. It is also thought that the light microscopy data we have obtained will contribute to the recording of biological diversity in Turkey and the creation of the pollen atlas and key in the long term.