Publication: Kültürlerarası farklılıkların ticarete etkisi : Türkiye-İran üzerine bir analiz
Abstract
Geçmişten günümüze doğru insanoğlunun sosyal ve ekonomik anlamda etkileşim hâlinde olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. İnsanlar ve toplumlar arasındaki etkileşimin oluşmasının ve hızla artmasının ana nedenlerinin merkezinde temel ihtiyaçların karşılanması yatmaktadır. İlkel toplumlardan beri temel ihtiyaçların -barınma, beslenme, giyinme vb.- giderilmeye çalışılması hayati önem arz etmektedir. İnsanlık tarihinin başladığı zamanlarda bu ihtiyaçların giderilmeye çalışılması için topluluklar değiş-tokuş yapmaktaydı. İçinde bulunulan yer ve zamanın gerektirdiği koşullar nedeniyle insanların ihtiyaç duyduğu şeylerin temin edilebilmesi için takas usulüne dayalı bu değiş-tokuş ticaretin temelini oluşturmaktaydı. Zamanla takas usulüne bağlı olarak toplulukların birbiriyle olan etkileşimleri artmaktaydı ve bu durum ticareti geliştirmekteydi. Bu etkileşimler sayesinde takas usulüyle başlayan ticaret olgusu sadece ürün, mal vb. ’nin alışverişine dayalı bir kavram olmaktan çıkıp toplumsal ve kültürel etkileşime de yol açmaktaydı. Böylelikle farklı sosyal yapılara ve kültürel özelliklere sahip toplumlar arasındaki etkileşim artmakta, denizaşırı ve kıtalararası ticari ilişkiler gelişmekteydi. Bu sayede toplumsal ve kişisel ihtiyaçlardoğrultusunda başka bir coğrafi sınıra sahip toplumdan gerekli mal temin edilmekte ve karşılığında istenilen ürün verilmekteydi. Özellikle ticaret yollarının oluşturulmasıyla önemi artan belli başlı topluluklarla daha çok ticaret geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktaydı. Bunlardan biri önemli ticaret yollarından biri olan İpek Yolu üzerinde yer alan ve yüzyıllardır ticarette önem arz eden Ortadoğu ülkelerinden İran’dır. İran, tarih boyunca coğrafi konumunun getirdiği güç sayesinde her zaman önemli bir ticari merkez konumundaydı. Bu çalışmada, ticarette yüzyıllardır önemli yer tutan İran’ın ticaret kültürünün derinlemesine incelenmesi, Türkiye ve İran arasındaki ticarette kültürel farklılıkların etkisinin ortaya konulması, Türkiye-İran ticaretinin yıllardır devam etmesinde kültürün ticaret üzerindeki etkisinin Hofstede’in Kültürel Boyutlar Teorisine göre Türkiye-İran arasında karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılarak teorik birikim ve uygulamadaki vakaların değerlendirilmesi ile iki ülkenin ticaretinin artışına yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulacaktır.
It has been observed that human beings have been interacting socially and economically from past to present. At the center of the main reasons for the formation and rapid growth of interaction between people and societies is the fulfillment of basic needs. Since primitive societies, basic needs-housing, nutrition, dressing, etc.- it's very important to try to eliminate it. At the beginning of human history, communities exchanged to try to meet these needs. At the beginning of human history, communities exchanged to try to meet these needs. Because of the conditions required by the current place and time, this exchange was the basis of trade, based on the exchange procedure, so that people could provide what they needed. Over time, the interaction of communities with each other increased and trade improved due to the exchange procedure. Thanks to these interactions, the trade phenomenon that begins with the clearing procedure is only products, goods, etc.it ceased to be a concept based on exchange and also led to social and cultural interaction. Thus, interaction between societies with different social structures and cultural characteristics increased, and overseas and intercontinental trade relations developed. In this way, in line with social and personal needs, the necessary goods were provided from the society with another geographical border and the desired product was given in return. Especially with the creation of trade routes, therewas an attempt to develop more trade with the main communities, whose importance increased. One of them is Iran, a Middle Eastern country located on the Silk Road, one of the important trade routes, which has been important in trade for centuries. Throughout history, Iran has always been an important commercial center thanks to the power brought by its geographical location. In this study, it is aimed to examine the trade culture of Iran, which has been important in trade for centuries, to reveal the impact of cultural differences in trade between Turkey and Iran, to analyze the impact of culture on trade in the continuation of Turkey-Iran trade for years according to Hofstede's Theory of Cultural Dimensions to evaluate the theoretical knowledge and cases in practice and solution proposals will be presented for the increase of trade between the two countries.
It has been observed that human beings have been interacting socially and economically from past to present. At the center of the main reasons for the formation and rapid growth of interaction between people and societies is the fulfillment of basic needs. Since primitive societies, basic needs-housing, nutrition, dressing, etc.- it's very important to try to eliminate it. At the beginning of human history, communities exchanged to try to meet these needs. At the beginning of human history, communities exchanged to try to meet these needs. Because of the conditions required by the current place and time, this exchange was the basis of trade, based on the exchange procedure, so that people could provide what they needed. Over time, the interaction of communities with each other increased and trade improved due to the exchange procedure. Thanks to these interactions, the trade phenomenon that begins with the clearing procedure is only products, goods, etc.it ceased to be a concept based on exchange and also led to social and cultural interaction. Thus, interaction between societies with different social structures and cultural characteristics increased, and overseas and intercontinental trade relations developed. In this way, in line with social and personal needs, the necessary goods were provided from the society with another geographical border and the desired product was given in return. Especially with the creation of trade routes, therewas an attempt to develop more trade with the main communities, whose importance increased. One of them is Iran, a Middle Eastern country located on the Silk Road, one of the important trade routes, which has been important in trade for centuries. Throughout history, Iran has always been an important commercial center thanks to the power brought by its geographical location. In this study, it is aimed to examine the trade culture of Iran, which has been important in trade for centuries, to reveal the impact of cultural differences in trade between Turkey and Iran, to analyze the impact of culture on trade in the continuation of Turkey-Iran trade for years according to Hofstede's Theory of Cultural Dimensions to evaluate the theoretical knowledge and cases in practice and solution proposals will be presented for the increase of trade between the two countries.
Description
Keywords
Business, cross-culture differences, International business enterprises, international business, İşletme, kültür, kültürlerarası farklılıklar, kültürün ticarete etkisi, the analysis of Turkey-Iran, the effect of culture on trade, ticaret kültürü, trade culture, Türkiye-İran Analizi, uluslararası işletmecilik culture, Uluslararası ticari teşebbüsler
