Publication: Türk romanında kitap (1860-1901)
Abstract
Kitap; zihnin, aklın, ruhun ve kalbin yansıması olarak beşerin hayatında var olur ve insanlık bu zeminden hareketle kültür ve medeniyetini oluşturur ve geliştirir. Bir kitap türü olan roman ise, hayatın sırrını bünyesinde barındıran, insanoğlunun her türlü hâlini ihtivâ eden, insanı ve dolayısıyla toplumu dış ve iç manâda etkileyip dönüştürebilen bir edebî türdür. Türk romanı, 1860 ilâ 1901 tarihleri arasında üç devir yaşamıştır. Bu devirler; Tanzimat, Ara Nesil ve Servet-i Fünûn Edebiyatı olarak isimlendirilir. Bu çalışma, zikrolunan üç devrin 81 romanında “kitap” teminin yansımalarını ihtivâ etmektedir. Kitap ekseninde muhteva tasnifine tâbi tutulan bu üç devrin romanlarında “kitap”, kimi zaman bir başvuru ve bilgi kaynağı, kimi zaman bir eğitim ve öğretim vasıtası kimi zaman bir sığınak ve şifa kaynağı kimi zaman ise kütüphaneleri dolduran bir nesne olmuştur lâkin “kitap”, tüm bu olumlu özellikleri üzerinde taşımasının yanı sıra kimi zaman da ehil olmayan ellerde, kitabın özünün bir suçu olmayarak, kötüye kullanım amaçlı bir alet de olmuştur. Romanlarda kitabın kapladığı alanın tüm bu tematik görünümünün yanı sıra, hangi kitapların okunduğu, kitapların türleri, kitapların isimleri, kitapları kimlerin okuduğu, kitapların işlevi yani okunan kitapların kişi ya da kişiler üzerindeki tesiri, kitapların nasıl ve ne için okunduğu, ne amaçla kullanıldığı, kitapların nelere sebep ya da vesîle olduğu; nelere kitap olarak bakıldığı, devirlerin kitap açısından mukayesesi hususları da tespit ve tahlil edilip yorumlanarak gözler önüne serilmiştir.
The book; has existed in human life as a reflection of the mind, spirit, and heart, and humanity has created and developed culture and civilization based on this. As a type of book, the novel is a literary genre embodying the secret of life, including all kinds of states of human beings, and may affect and transform people, and therefore, society both externally and internally. The Turkish novel experienced three eras between 1860 and 1901, Tanzimat, Intermediate Generation, and Servet-i Fünûn Literature eras. The present study includes the reflections of the “book” supply in 81 novels of the three eras mentioned above. The “book” was sometimes a source of reference and information, sometimes a means of education and training, sometimes a source of shelter and healing, and sometimes an object that filled libraries in the novels of these three eras, which were classified in terms of contents of the books; however, sometimes, “book” was also a tool for abuse in incompetent hands, which is not a crime of the book’s essence, in addition to having these positive characteristics. In addition to all this thematic image of the area covered by the book in novels, which books are read, the types and names of books, who read them, their functions, in other words, the effects of the books read on the person or people, how and for what the books were read, for what purpose they were used, what the books were used for, the cause or means, what was considered a book and the comparison of eras in terms of books were also identified, analyzed and interpreted in the study.
The book; has existed in human life as a reflection of the mind, spirit, and heart, and humanity has created and developed culture and civilization based on this. As a type of book, the novel is a literary genre embodying the secret of life, including all kinds of states of human beings, and may affect and transform people, and therefore, society both externally and internally. The Turkish novel experienced three eras between 1860 and 1901, Tanzimat, Intermediate Generation, and Servet-i Fünûn Literature eras. The present study includes the reflections of the “book” supply in 81 novels of the three eras mentioned above. The “book” was sometimes a source of reference and information, sometimes a means of education and training, sometimes a source of shelter and healing, and sometimes an object that filled libraries in the novels of these three eras, which were classified in terms of contents of the books; however, sometimes, “book” was also a tool for abuse in incompetent hands, which is not a crime of the book’s essence, in addition to having these positive characteristics. In addition to all this thematic image of the area covered by the book in novels, which books are read, the types and names of books, who read them, their functions, in other words, the effects of the books read on the person or people, how and for what the books were read, for what purpose they were used, what the books were used for, the cause or means, what was considered a book and the comparison of eras in terms of books were also identified, analyzed and interpreted in the study.