Publication: Sadruşşerîa'da mahiyet ve tümel
Abstract
Sadruşşerîa’nın İbn Sînâcı mahiyet fikri etrafındaki tadil çabaları bu tezin merkezini teşkil etmektedir. Bunun yanında tezde mahiyet fikrine dayanan tümellik meselesine Sadruşşerîa’nın yaklaşımı incelenmektedir. Sadruşşerîa’nın tümellik anlayışı dendiğinde, esasında onun İbn Sînâcı veya herhangi bir özcülüğe başvurmaksızın ortaya koyduğu tümellik yorumu kastedilmektedir. Sadruşşerîa’nın nasıl bir mahiyet ve tümel anlayışı geliştirdiği sorusu ile birlikte, neye karşı böylesi bir çaba içerisine girdiği sorusu, tezde esaslı bir yere sahiptir. Bu çerçevede tez, mahiyet meselesi etrafında iki bölüm olarak kurgulanmıştır. “Varlıkla İlişkisi Bakımından Mahiyet” başlığını taşıyan Sadruşşerîa’nın ontoloji meseleleri etrafında mahiyet fikrine yaklaşımı değerlendirildi. Bu kapsamda varlığın tanımı, varlığın iştiraki, varlık mahiyet ayrımı meselelerine Sadruşşerîa’nın yaklaşımı tahlil edildi ve onun nesnelerin varlıkları ile mahiyetleri arasında bir ayrım yapmadığı ortaya kondu. Mahiyetlerin mec‘ûliyeti ve mâdumun şey‘iyyeti meselelerini ele alan sonraki başlıkta Sadruşşerîa’nın hâricî varlıktan bağımsız mahiyet düşüncesini nasıl reddettiği açıklığa kavuşturuldu. Mahiyetin parçaları arasındaki ilişkinin incelendiği son başlıkta Sadruşşerîa’nın İbn Sînâcı mahiyet fikrinin açmazları olduğunu düşündüğü hususlar tahlil edildi ve onun, hâricî ilkeye dayanan çözüm önerisi takdim edildi. “Tümellikle İlişkisi Bakımından Mahiyet” başlığını taşıyan İkinci Bölüm’de öncelikle Sadruşşerîa’nın, İbn Sînâcı mahiyet fikrine dayalı bilgi ve tümellik anlayışını nasıl eleştirdiği ve elediği incelendi. Bu kapsamda, öncelikle Sadruşşerîa’nın “neye karşı” bir tadil çabası içerisine girdiğini göstermek maksadıyla İbn Sînâcı gelenekte mahiyet fikri ve onun tümellikle ilişkisi izah edildi. Akabinde bilginin tanımı ve zihnî varlık meseleleri etrafında Sadruşşerîa’nın İbn Sînâcı bilgi ve tümellik anlayışına yönelik eleştirileri ortaya kondu. Sadruşşerîa’nın karşı durduğu tutum ve eleştirileri açıklığa kavuşturulduktan sonra, mahiyet fikri olmaksızın tümel idrak ve yargıların nasıl temellendirilebileceğine dair Sadruşşerîa’nın izahları tahlil edildi.
Sadr al-Sharī’a’s efforts to modify the idea of quiddity constitute the center of this thesis. In addition, Sadr al-Sharī’a’s approach to the issue of universality based on the idea of quiddity is analyzed. Sadr al-Sharī’a’s understanding of universality refers to his interpretation of universality without resorting to Avicennan or any essentialism. The question of what kind of understanding of quiddity and universality Sadr al-Sharī’a developed, as well as the question of what he endeavored against, have a fundamental place in this thesis. In this framework, the thesis is organized around the issue of quiddity in two chapters. Under the title of “Quiddity in Relation to Existence”, the idea of quiddity was discussed around Sadr al-Sharī’a’s ontological issues. In this context, Sadr al-Sharī’a’s approach to the definition of existence, the participation of existence, and the distinction between existence and quiddity was analyzed, and it was revealed that he did not make a distinction between the existence of objects and their quiddities. In the next chapter, which deals with the issues of the createdness (madjʻūliyyah) of quiddities and the thingness (shay’iyyat) of non-existend (mā‘dūm), it is clarified how Sadr al-Sharī’a rejects the idea of quiddity independent of external existence. In the next title, which deals with the relationship between the parts of quiddity, the issues that Sadr al-Sharī’a considers to be the dilemmas of the Avicennan idea of quiddity are discussed and his proposed solution based on the external principle is presented. Chapter Two, entitled “Quiddity in Relation to Universality,” first examines how Sadr al-Sharī’a criticizes and eliminates the understanding of knowledge and universality based on the idea of quiddity. In this context, first, the idea of quiddity and its relation to universality in the Avicennian tradition were discussed in order to show “against what” Sadr al-Sharī’a was attempting a modification. Subsequently, Sadr al-Sharī’a’s criticisms of the Avicennan conception of knowledge and universality around the issues of the definition of knowledge and mental existence were put forth. After clarifying his positions and criticisms, Sadr al-Sharī’a’s explanations on how universal perceptions and judgments can be grounded without the idea of quiddity were analyzed.
Sadr al-Sharī’a’s efforts to modify the idea of quiddity constitute the center of this thesis. In addition, Sadr al-Sharī’a’s approach to the issue of universality based on the idea of quiddity is analyzed. Sadr al-Sharī’a’s understanding of universality refers to his interpretation of universality without resorting to Avicennan or any essentialism. The question of what kind of understanding of quiddity and universality Sadr al-Sharī’a developed, as well as the question of what he endeavored against, have a fundamental place in this thesis. In this framework, the thesis is organized around the issue of quiddity in two chapters. Under the title of “Quiddity in Relation to Existence”, the idea of quiddity was discussed around Sadr al-Sharī’a’s ontological issues. In this context, Sadr al-Sharī’a’s approach to the definition of existence, the participation of existence, and the distinction between existence and quiddity was analyzed, and it was revealed that he did not make a distinction between the existence of objects and their quiddities. In the next chapter, which deals with the issues of the createdness (madjʻūliyyah) of quiddities and the thingness (shay’iyyat) of non-existend (mā‘dūm), it is clarified how Sadr al-Sharī’a rejects the idea of quiddity independent of external existence. In the next title, which deals with the relationship between the parts of quiddity, the issues that Sadr al-Sharī’a considers to be the dilemmas of the Avicennan idea of quiddity are discussed and his proposed solution based on the external principle is presented. Chapter Two, entitled “Quiddity in Relation to Universality,” first examines how Sadr al-Sharī’a criticizes and eliminates the understanding of knowledge and universality based on the idea of quiddity. In this context, first, the idea of quiddity and its relation to universality in the Avicennian tradition were discussed in order to show “against what” Sadr al-Sharī’a was attempting a modification. Subsequently, Sadr al-Sharī’a’s criticisms of the Avicennan conception of knowledge and universality around the issues of the definition of knowledge and mental existence were put forth. After clarifying his positions and criticisms, Sadr al-Sharī’a’s explanations on how universal perceptions and judgments can be grounded without the idea of quiddity were analyzed.
Description
Keywords
Akaid ve kelam, Aqaid and kalam, Bilgi Felsefesi, Epistemology, Islamic philosophy, İslam felsefesi, Kelam-Felsefe İlişkisi, Later Muslim Theology, Mahiyet, Müteahhir Kelamı, Ontology, Quiddity, Sadruşşerîa, Sharḥ al-Ta‘dīl al-‘ulūm, Şerhu Ta‘dîli’l-ulûm Sadr al-Sharī’a, The Interplay of Kalām and Philosopy, Tümel, Universal, Varlık Felsefesi
