Publication: Ampute yüzücülerde kinetik ve kinematik parametrelerdeki değişimin performansa etkisi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, alt veya üst ekstremite ampute simülasyonunun serbest yüzme sırasında üretilen ilerletici kuvvetin büyüklük ve dağılımına etkisinin incelenmesidir. Ayrıca, ampute simülasyonunun kol ve bacak vuruşu kinematiğine etkisi de değerlendirilmiştir.Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya 15-25 yaş aralığında 11 sağlıklı erkek yüzücü dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma, yüzücülerin tek kollarının veya tek bacaklarının bağlanarak ampute simülasyonu yapması esasına dayanarak tasarlanmıştır. Yüzücülerden üç farklı yüzme koşulunda (TES: tüm ekstremiteler serbest, KSA: kol simule ampute ve BSA: bacak simüle ampute serbest yüzme) 10 saniye boyunca maksimum hızda yüzmeleri istenmiştir. Kabloya bağlı yüzme sistemiyle elde edilen zirve kuvvet, ortalama zirve kuvvet ve impuls değerleri, kameralar kullanılarak kol ve bacak vuruş süresi ve uzunlukları incelenmiştir.Bulgular: Üç farklı koşulda yüzme sırasında, serbest ekstemitelerle üretilen zirve kuvvet ve gövdede üretilen zirve kuvvet ve impuls anlamlı oranda değişmiştir (p<0,05). Amputasyonun simüle edildiği koşullar karşılaştırıldığında ise, KSA yüzme sırasında gövdede oluşturulan impuls BSA’ya göre daha düşüktür (p<0,05). Serbest ekstremitelerin kinematiği değerlendirildiğinde, KSA serbest kol ve bacak tam döngü vuruş süresini anlamlı oranda değiştirirken (p<0,05), BSA sadece serbest bacağın aşağı vuruş süresini değiştirmiştir (p<0,05).Sonuç: Kol simüle amputasyonuyla yüzme sırasında gövdede oluşturulan impulsun BSA’ya göre daha fazla azaltması, Uluslararası Paralimpik Komitenin tek taraf dirsek üstü ampute ve tek taraf diz seviyesi ampute olan yüzücülerin farklı yüzme sınıflarında yarışması gerektiği görüşünü desteklemektedir. Kol ve bacak simulasyonunun yüzme kinematiğini farklı şekillerde etkilemesi ise alt ve üst extremite amputasyonunun farklı kompasatuar stratejiler gerektirdiğini göstermektedir.
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of lower and upper limb amputee simulation on the magnitude and distribution of the propulsive force in front crawl swimmers. In addition, the effect of amputee simulation on arm stroke and leg kick kinematics has also been evaluated.Material and methods: Eleven healthy male swimmers ages 15-25 years were participated in the study. Swimmers have been simulated amputees by restraining their single arms or legs. The swimmers were asked to swim at maximum speed for 10 seconds in three different conditions: normal (N-FCS), arm amputee simulated (ASA-FCS) and leg amputee simulated (LSA-FCS). Peak force, average peak force and average impulse values were examined using tethered swimming system and arm stroke and leg kick kinematic parameters were examined using cameras.Results: There were statistically significant differences in peak force, average peak force and average impulse values of waist and unrestircted extremities between three swimming condition (p<0,05). When the amputee simulated conditions were compared, ASA-FCS has effected the average impulse values of waist more than the LSA-FCS (p<0,05). Comparing the arm stroke and leg kick kinematics of three swimming conditions, left arm stroke and left kick times were statistically different (p<0,05). Conclusion: These results may support the decision of the International Paralympic Committee that single above elbow amputees and single thru knee amputees should compete in different swimming classes. The different effects of arm and leg simulation on swimming kinematics show that lower and upper extremity amputation requires different compasatory strategies during FCS.
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of lower and upper limb amputee simulation on the magnitude and distribution of the propulsive force in front crawl swimmers. In addition, the effect of amputee simulation on arm stroke and leg kick kinematics has also been evaluated.Material and methods: Eleven healthy male swimmers ages 15-25 years were participated in the study. Swimmers have been simulated amputees by restraining their single arms or legs. The swimmers were asked to swim at maximum speed for 10 seconds in three different conditions: normal (N-FCS), arm amputee simulated (ASA-FCS) and leg amputee simulated (LSA-FCS). Peak force, average peak force and average impulse values were examined using tethered swimming system and arm stroke and leg kick kinematic parameters were examined using cameras.Results: There were statistically significant differences in peak force, average peak force and average impulse values of waist and unrestircted extremities between three swimming condition (p<0,05). When the amputee simulated conditions were compared, ASA-FCS has effected the average impulse values of waist more than the LSA-FCS (p<0,05). Comparing the arm stroke and leg kick kinematics of three swimming conditions, left arm stroke and left kick times were statistically different (p<0,05). Conclusion: These results may support the decision of the International Paralympic Committee that single above elbow amputees and single thru knee amputees should compete in different swimming classes. The different effects of arm and leg simulation on swimming kinematics show that lower and upper extremity amputation requires different compasatory strategies during FCS.