Publication: Vehhabilikte Tevhid ve Şirk
Abstract
Yaklaşık üç yüz yıl kadar önce şekillenmeye başlayan Vehhabiliğin ana vatanı Necid’dir (bugünkü Suudi Arabistan’ın iç kesimleri). Akımın lideri ve fikir babası olarak kabul edilen Muhammed b. Abdulvehhab 1703’te doğmuştur. İrili ufaklı bir çok eser telif eden Muhammed b. Abdulvehhab 1798’de ölmüştür. Vehhabiliğin temel öğretisi “tevhid” ve “şirk”e dayanır. Neredeyse bütün konular bu ikisiyle ilgilidir. Vehhabilikte Tevhid üç kısımdır: Tevhidu’l-uluhiyye, Tevhidu’r-rububiyye, Tevhidu’l-esmâ ve’s-sıfat. Bunların içinde üzerinde en fazla durulanı uluhiyet tevhididir.(Örneğin, Muhammed b. Abdulvehhab’ın Kitabu’t-Tevhid’inin tümü bununla alakalıdır.) Şirk ise iki şekilde ortaya çıkar: Küçük Şirk ve Büyük Şirk. Şirk, sahibini ebedi cehennem ateşine sokacak en büyük zulümdür. Vehhabiliğe göre; belayı uzaklaştırması için çeşitli takılar takmak; türbe, mezarlık ve ölülerden medet ummak, kendisiyle Allah arasına aracılar koymak vs. gibi şeyler Allah’a ortak koşmaktır. 1744 yılındaki, Muhammed b. Suud ve Muhammed b. Abdulvehhab arasında yapılan Dir’iyye Sözleşmesi ile vehhabilik yarı siyasi bir nitelik kazanmıştır. Tarih sahnesinde Osmanlı ordusuyla bir çok savaş ve mücadeleler yaşayan vehhabilik günümüzde Suudi Arabistan’da temsil edilmekte, geniş bir tabii ve sempatizan kitlesine sahip bulunmaktadır.
The homeland of Wahabism, which had started to get form approximately three hundred years ago, is Najd.(Interior zones of Saudi arabia) The leader and savant of the movement is Sheikh Mohammad b. Abd’al-Wahab. He was born in 1703 and died in the year 1798. during his life he had written a lot of big and little works. Main doctrine of Wahabism is built on Tawheed and Shirk. Tawheed has three parts: Tawheed al-uluhiyah, Tawheed al-rububiyah, Tawheed al-asma wa’l-sifaat. At the inside of theese three parts, Tawheed al- uluhiyah is the greatest and most important one. ( for example;”Book of Tawheed” for Mohammad B. Abd’al-Wahab is concerned to this part of tawheed from start to end. On the other side, shirk appears as two types: Minor shirk and Major shirk. The owner of the major shirk will go in to the hell and stay in there eternally. According to Wahabism, wearing or putting on some particles for repulsing trouble; hoping for help from tombs, graves and dead ones; and having mediators between peerson and Allah are all of shirk types. With the Dir’iyah agreement in the year 1744 between Mohammad b. Saud and Mohammad b. Abd’al-Wahab, the movementhad a semi-politic form. Wahabism and ottoman empire had a lot of wars and disputes in the history. Nowadays Wahabism is represented in Saudi Arabia peninsula. It has a lot of followers and sympathizers.
The homeland of Wahabism, which had started to get form approximately three hundred years ago, is Najd.(Interior zones of Saudi arabia) The leader and savant of the movement is Sheikh Mohammad b. Abd’al-Wahab. He was born in 1703 and died in the year 1798. during his life he had written a lot of big and little works. Main doctrine of Wahabism is built on Tawheed and Shirk. Tawheed has three parts: Tawheed al-uluhiyah, Tawheed al-rububiyah, Tawheed al-asma wa’l-sifaat. At the inside of theese three parts, Tawheed al- uluhiyah is the greatest and most important one. ( for example;”Book of Tawheed” for Mohammad B. Abd’al-Wahab is concerned to this part of tawheed from start to end. On the other side, shirk appears as two types: Minor shirk and Major shirk. The owner of the major shirk will go in to the hell and stay in there eternally. According to Wahabism, wearing or putting on some particles for repulsing trouble; hoping for help from tombs, graves and dead ones; and having mediators between peerson and Allah are all of shirk types. With the Dir’iyah agreement in the year 1744 between Mohammad b. Saud and Mohammad b. Abd’al-Wahab, the movementhad a semi-politic form. Wahabism and ottoman empire had a lot of wars and disputes in the history. Nowadays Wahabism is represented in Saudi Arabia peninsula. It has a lot of followers and sympathizers.