Publication: 2005-2016 yıllarında Türk tarımının ekonomik yapısı ve istihdamdaki yeri
Abstract
ÖZETTarımsal faaliyetler, insanların beslenme ihtiyacından ortaya çıkmış ve bir çok aşamadan geçerek günümüzdeki halini almıştır. Sanayi Devrimi sonrasında kurulan endüstriler ve gelişen teknolojilerle beraber büyük bir dönüşüme giren tarım sektörü günümüzde yalnızca insanların gıda ve giyinme gibi temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan bir sektör olarak görülmemektedir. Bazı ülkelerin sanayileşme süreçleri diğer ülkelere göre daha hızlı gerçekleşmiş ve ülkeler arası gelişmişlik farklılıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ülkeler arası gelişmişlik farklılıklarının görüntülenmesinde önemli bir gösterge olan tarımsal faaliyetler, az gelişmiş ülkelerin endüstrileşme sürecine katkıda bulunabilmekte ve aynı zamanda dünya genelinde mevcut olan tarıma dayalı sanayilere hammadde sağlayabilmektedir.Ekonomik olarak tarımsal bir zemin üzerine kurulmuş olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, yıllar içerisinde gelişimini daha çok sanayileşme üzerine kurgulamış olmasına rağmen tarımsal alanda birçok önlem almış ve gelişim kaydetmiştir. Özellikle 1963 yılında başlayan planlı kalkınma dönemi ile sektörel gelişmelerin belirli hedefler ve programlar dahilinde yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Ekonomik gelişme süreci ile birlikte yıllar içerisinde Türkiye’de tarım sektörünün ekonomideki ağırlığı giderek azalmaktadır. Bu durum kalkınma sürecinin doğal bir sonucudur. Tarım sektörünün başta istihdam olmak üzere ekonomideki ağırlığının azalması, bireysel verimlilik artışı, tarım dışı sektörlerin tarım sektörüne göre daha hızlı gelişim göstermesi ya da tarım sektöründen tarım dışı sektörlere doğru işgücü hareketliliği gibi birçok nedene dayanmaktadır.
ABSTRACTAgricultural activities have emerged from human’s needs for nutrition and have passed through many stages and become today’s circumstances. The agriculture sector, which has undergone a major transformation with the industries and emerging new technologies that established after the Industrial Revolution, is not seen as a sector that only meets the basic needs of people, such as food and clothing. Some countries’ industrialization process were rapid when it is compared with the other countries; thus, it is pointed out that there are significant differences of development level between countries. Agricultural activities are an important indicator of the intercountries’ development level and it contributes the industrialization process of underdeveloped countries. It also supplies raw materials for agriculture based industries that exist in the world. Despite its growth is mostly on industrialization over the years, Turkish Republic’s economy is previously based on agricultural activities and the governments have taken some precautions that resulted in progress. Especially with the planned development period which started in 1963, it has been aimed sectoral developments within specicific targets and programs. In Turkey, the importance of the agricultural activities in the economy is gradually decreasing. This condition is a natural process of development. It accounts on many reasons such as; decrasing the importance of the agricultural sector and its employment in the economy, increasing of individual productivity, non-agricultural sectors show faster growth than the agricultural sector or labor force mobility towards non-agricultural sectors from agriculture sector.
ABSTRACTAgricultural activities have emerged from human’s needs for nutrition and have passed through many stages and become today’s circumstances. The agriculture sector, which has undergone a major transformation with the industries and emerging new technologies that established after the Industrial Revolution, is not seen as a sector that only meets the basic needs of people, such as food and clothing. Some countries’ industrialization process were rapid when it is compared with the other countries; thus, it is pointed out that there are significant differences of development level between countries. Agricultural activities are an important indicator of the intercountries’ development level and it contributes the industrialization process of underdeveloped countries. It also supplies raw materials for agriculture based industries that exist in the world. Despite its growth is mostly on industrialization over the years, Turkish Republic’s economy is previously based on agricultural activities and the governments have taken some precautions that resulted in progress. Especially with the planned development period which started in 1963, it has been aimed sectoral developments within specicific targets and programs. In Turkey, the importance of the agricultural activities in the economy is gradually decreasing. This condition is a natural process of development. It accounts on many reasons such as; decrasing the importance of the agricultural sector and its employment in the economy, increasing of individual productivity, non-agricultural sectors show faster growth than the agricultural sector or labor force mobility towards non-agricultural sectors from agriculture sector.