Publication: Sultan II. Mahmûd’un mûsikîşinaslığı ve bestelerinin müzikal analizi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun 30. pâdişahı ve aynı zamanda yaptığı radikal devrimlerle Türkiye’nin yüzünü Batı’ya çevirmekle meşhur olan Sultan II. Mahmûd’un hayâtı, sanatçı kimliği ve besteleri incelenmiştir. Türkiye tarihi için her bakımdan büyük değişimlere imza atan yenilikçi pâdişâhın, mûsikî alanında da gösterdiği başarısı anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Amcası III. Selim’in zamanında parlak bir dönem yaşayan Türk Müziği, aynı parlaklığı II. Mahmûd döneminde de muhafaza etmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra Batılılaşma yolunda başlatılan büyük adımlardan müzik de nasibini almıştır. “Sultan II. Mahmûd’un Mûsikîşinaslığı ve Bestelerinin Müzikal Analizi” başlıklı çalışma iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, öncelikle II. Mahmûd’un hayâtından, Türkiye tarihi için bir dönüm noktası olan “Vak’a-i Hayriyye’den (Yeniçeri Ocağı’nın kaldırılması) ve yapılan inkılâplardan bahsedilmiştir. II. Mahmûd’un sanatçı kimliği ile ilgili olarak hattatlığı, edebî yönü, tasavvufi yönü ve mûsikişînaslığı ile ilgili bilgiler aktarılmıştır. II. Mahmûd döneminde Türkiye’de, her alanda (sosyal hayat, eğitim-öğretim, kılık-kıyafet, edebiyat v.b.) meydana gelen hızlı değişimlerin Türk müziğine nasıl yansıdığı, ne derece etkilediği, Batı müziğinin Türkiye’ye girişi, II. Mahmûd’un bu müziğe karşı tutumu ve bakış açısı anlatılmıştır. O’nun döneminde şöhret kazanmış önemli müzisyenlere, bestelerinde kullandığı form, makam, usûl ve eserlerinin listesine de birinci bölümün sonunda yer verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, notasına ulaşılabilmiş 23 eserinin müzikal analizi yapılmıştır. Son olarak, tespit edilmiş fakat notası günümüze ulaşamamış eserlerinin güfteleri, makamları ve usûlleri de burada belirtilmiştir.
In this study, the life, the artistic identity and the compositions of Sultan Mahmûd II, who was the 30th Sultan of Ottoman Empire and famous for turning Turkey’s face to West with the radical reforms, are analyzed. The musical achievements of the reformist Sultan who had succeeded major changes in all respects for the history of Turkey are tried to explain. Turkish Music had undergone a bright period during the era of Sultan Selim III and maintained the same brilliancy during the era of Sultan Mahmûd II. Besides, music also affected from the big steps started on the way of Westernization. The study entitled “The Musicality of Sultan Mahmûd II and Musical Analysis of His Compositions”, comprises of two chapters. In the first chapter, especially the life of Sultan Mahmûd II; abolition of the Janissary Corps, which is a turning point for the history of Turkey (the event known as the Auspicious Incident); and the reforms are mentioned. Moreover, information related to his musicality, his interests on calligraphy, literary and Sufism are discussed. Also the effects of the rapid changes in all fields (social life, education, dress, literary etc.) to the Turkish Music are explained. Furthermore, the entrance of the Western Music to Turkey and Mahmûd II’s perspective and attitudes towards that music are explained. At the end of the first chapter, the important musicians who gained prominence in his era are mentioned; the list of his compositions according to form, makam and usul is given. In the second chapter, the 23 compositions, notations of which are available, are analyzed. Finally, the lyrics, makams and usuls of the compositions that are determined but lacking of notations at the present time are defined.
In this study, the life, the artistic identity and the compositions of Sultan Mahmûd II, who was the 30th Sultan of Ottoman Empire and famous for turning Turkey’s face to West with the radical reforms, are analyzed. The musical achievements of the reformist Sultan who had succeeded major changes in all respects for the history of Turkey are tried to explain. Turkish Music had undergone a bright period during the era of Sultan Selim III and maintained the same brilliancy during the era of Sultan Mahmûd II. Besides, music also affected from the big steps started on the way of Westernization. The study entitled “The Musicality of Sultan Mahmûd II and Musical Analysis of His Compositions”, comprises of two chapters. In the first chapter, especially the life of Sultan Mahmûd II; abolition of the Janissary Corps, which is a turning point for the history of Turkey (the event known as the Auspicious Incident); and the reforms are mentioned. Moreover, information related to his musicality, his interests on calligraphy, literary and Sufism are discussed. Also the effects of the rapid changes in all fields (social life, education, dress, literary etc.) to the Turkish Music are explained. Furthermore, the entrance of the Western Music to Turkey and Mahmûd II’s perspective and attitudes towards that music are explained. At the end of the first chapter, the important musicians who gained prominence in his era are mentioned; the list of his compositions according to form, makam and usul is given. In the second chapter, the 23 compositions, notations of which are available, are analyzed. Finally, the lyrics, makams and usuls of the compositions that are determined but lacking of notations at the present time are defined.