Publication: Gebelerin doğuma ilişkin öz-yeterlilik algıları, gebelikle ilişkili anksiyeteleri ve kişilik özellikleri, doğum korkusu yaşamalarını etkiler mi ?
Abstract
Amaç: Bu araştırma gebelerin doğuma ilişkin öz-yeterlilik algıları, gebelikle ilişkili anksiyete düzeyleri ve kişilik özelliklerinin, doğum korkusuyla ilişkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı çalışma olarak tasarlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın evrenini 17 Nisan 2023-31 Aralık 2023 tarihleri arasında İstanbul İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı Kadın ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde gebe izlem polikliniklerine başvuran gebeler, örneklemini ise araştırmaya katılma kriterlerini karşılayan 600 ilk kez gebelik deneyimleyen gebeler oluşturdu. Veri toplama araçları olarak Veri Toplama Formu, Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/ Deneyimi Ölçeği (W-DEQ) A Versiyonu, Doğum Eyleminde Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği (DÖYE), Eysenck Kişilik Anketi- Gözden Geçirilmiş Kısaltılmış Ölçeği (EKA-GGK) ve Gebelikte ilişkili Anksiyete Ölçeği (GİAÖ) kullanıldı. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile toplandı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 27,38 ± 4,39 yıldır, 34,40 ± 3,77 gebelik haftasındadır. Gebelerin W-DEQ- A ölçeği puan ortalaması 43,06 ± 23,28 olup, %45,1’inin hafif düzeyde doğum korkusu yaşadıkları belirlendi. GİAÖ ve EKA-GGK alt boyutundan nörötisizm puanı arttıkça doğum korkusunun arttığı, DÖYE ve EKA-GGK alt boyutundan dışa dönüklük puanları arttıkça doğum korkusunun azaldığı belirlendi (p<0,001). Çok değişkenli doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucunda, GİAÖ, DÖYE, ekonomik durum, çalışma durumu gebelerin doğum korkusunu anlamlı şekilde yordayan değişkenler olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Araştırma sonucunda gebelerin doğum kokusunun yordayan dört değişkenin modelin %46,5’ini açıkladığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Bu bulgular doğrultusunda gebelerin hafif düzeyde doğum korkusu yaşadıkları, gebelikle ilişkili anksiyete, doğum öz yeterliliği, ekonomik durum ve çalışma durumunun gebelerin doğum korkusunu etkileyen faktörler olduğu belirlendi.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the relationships between the childbirthrelated self-efficacy perceptions, pregnancy-related anxiety levels, and personality characteristics of pregnant women and their fears of childbirth. Materials and Methods : This study was carried out with a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The sample of the study consisted of 600 pregnant women who were experiencing their first pregnancies who met the inclusion criteria and visited the pregnancy follow-up outpatient clinics of an Obstetrics and Pediatrics Research and Training Hospital affiliated with the Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Health between 17 April 2023 and 31 December 2023. A Personal Information Form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ Experience Questionnaire – Form A (W-DEQ-A), the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised Short Form (EPQR-Short), and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS) were used to collect data. The data were collected in face-to-face interviews. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27,38±4,39 and their mean week of gestation was 34,40±3,77. The mean W-DEQ-A score of the participants was 43,06±23,28 and 45,1% were found to experience mild levels of fear of childbirth. As the PrAS scores and EPQR-Short Neuroticism subscale scores of the participants increased, their levels of fear of childbirth also increased, while as the CSES scores and EPQR-Short Extroversion subscale scores of the participants increased, their levels of fear of childbirth decreased (p<0,001). According to the results of the multivariate linear regression analysis, PrAS scores, CSES scores, economic status, and working status were identified as significant predictors of the fear of childbirth in pregnant women. These four variables explained 46,5% of the total variance in the childbirth fear levels of the participants. Conclusion: It was determined that pregnant women experienced mild levels of fear of childbirth, and pregnancy-related anxiety, childbirth self-efficacy, economic status, and working status were significant predictors of their levels of fear of childbirth.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the relationships between the childbirthrelated self-efficacy perceptions, pregnancy-related anxiety levels, and personality characteristics of pregnant women and their fears of childbirth. Materials and Methods : This study was carried out with a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design. The sample of the study consisted of 600 pregnant women who were experiencing their first pregnancies who met the inclusion criteria and visited the pregnancy follow-up outpatient clinics of an Obstetrics and Pediatrics Research and Training Hospital affiliated with the Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Health between 17 April 2023 and 31 December 2023. A Personal Information Form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/ Experience Questionnaire – Form A (W-DEQ-A), the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised Short Form (EPQR-Short), and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS) were used to collect data. The data were collected in face-to-face interviews. Results: The mean age of the participants was 27,38±4,39 and their mean week of gestation was 34,40±3,77. The mean W-DEQ-A score of the participants was 43,06±23,28 and 45,1% were found to experience mild levels of fear of childbirth. As the PrAS scores and EPQR-Short Neuroticism subscale scores of the participants increased, their levels of fear of childbirth also increased, while as the CSES scores and EPQR-Short Extroversion subscale scores of the participants increased, their levels of fear of childbirth decreased (p<0,001). According to the results of the multivariate linear regression analysis, PrAS scores, CSES scores, economic status, and working status were identified as significant predictors of the fear of childbirth in pregnant women. These four variables explained 46,5% of the total variance in the childbirth fear levels of the participants. Conclusion: It was determined that pregnant women experienced mild levels of fear of childbirth, and pregnancy-related anxiety, childbirth self-efficacy, economic status, and working status were significant predictors of their levels of fear of childbirth.