Publication: Mühendislik polimerlerinin yanmazlık özelliklerinin incelenmesi
Abstract
MÜHENDİSLİK POLİMERLERİNİN YANMAZLIK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ Dünya nüfusu hızla artmaktadır. Artan nüfusun taleplerini karşılamak için teknoloji de son derece hızlı bir şekilde gelişmekte ve bize her gün yeni ürünler sunmaktadır. Yapılan yeni ürünlerde amaç daha hafif, daha kaliteli, çevreye zararsız ürünü daha ucuza yapabilmektir. Bunun için de işlenmesi daha zor, daha pahalı ve daha ağır olan metaller yerine alternatif malzemelerin kullanımı tercih edilmektedir. Alternatif malzemelerin başında da tüketimi hızla artan plastikler gelmektedir. Ancak plastiklerinde metallere göre bazı dezavantajları mevcuttur. Bunların başında ısı dayanımı, yanma ya karşı direnç, mekaniksel özellikler gelir. Günlük hayatımızda geniş bir yer alan plastik malzemeler aleve maruz kaldıklarında kolay yanabilirlikleri ve yanma esnasında çıkardıkları zehirli gazlardan dolayı şimdiye kadar meydana gelen birçok yangında can ve mal kayıplarına neden olmuştur. Bu dezavantajları avantaja çevirmek ve insan sağlığını tehdit etmesini ortadan kaldırmak için katkı malzemeleri, takviye ediciler ve çeşitli dolgu malzemeleri kullanılmaktadır. Yanma esnasında plastik malzemelerin alev almasını geciktirmek ve yanma esnasında çıkan duman miktarını minimuma indirmek için çeşitli yanma geciktirici ve duman bastırıcı katkı malzemeleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında elektrik, elektronik, otomotiv, tekstil sektörlerinde ve bazı mutfak eşyalarında kendine geniş kullanım alanı bulmuş olan Poliamid 6,6'nın dezavantaj olarak görülen aleve maruz kaldığında kolay yanmasını, alev çekilince damlayarak yanmaya devam etme özelliklerini avantaja çevirmek için PA 6,6'ya yanma geciktiriciler ilave edildi. Ektrüzyon işlemi esnasında cam elyaflı ve cam elyafsız PA 6,6'ya tek tek veya sinerjik etki için beraber ilave edilen polidibromostiren, decabromodifeniloksit, melamin siyanurat, melamin polifosfat, magnezyum hidroksit, kırmızı fosfor, çinko borat ve antimony trioksit gibi yanma geciktirici katkı malzemeleri ile homojen bir karışım sağlanarak yanma geciktiricili granüller elde edildi. Elde edilen granüller kurutulduktan sonra enjeksiyon makinesinde test plakaları basıldı. Basılan test plakaları yukarıda ifade edilen yanma geciktiricilerin PA 6,6' ya kazandırdığı mekaniksel, fiziksel, elektriksel ve yanma direnci özelliklerini, görmek için çeşitli testlere tabi tutuldu ve elde edilen sonuçlar bu tez çalışmasında rapor edildi. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda PA 6,6'nın kullanım alanını kısıtlayan yanmaya karşı yanma direnci ve elektriksel özellikleri geliştirildi. İncelemeler sonucunda UL-94 standartlarına göre V-0 sağlandı. Eylül 2004 Arif YILMAZ
MÜHENDİSLİK POLİMERLERİNİN YANMAZLIK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ Population of the world is increasing rapidly. To meet the demands of the population technology is developing very fast as well and offering new products to the market every day. The aim is to develop lighter, environmentally friendly, and higher quality products at lower costs. That is why instead of metals, which are heavy and difficult to process , alternative materials are sought. At the top of the alternative material list come plastics, which are used more and more instead of metals every day. There are disadvantages of plastics compared to metals; primarily, heat resistance, resistance to flames and mechanical properties. Plastics, which are used widely in daily life, burn easily when they come across flames and release poisonous gaseous. This has caused loss of many lives, houses and materials. To convert this disadvantage of plastics to advantage and protect loss of lives and economic materials, some additives, modifiers and fillers have been used. Special additives are developed to retard the flammability of plastics and reduce the smoke emissions when they are burning. In this study the properties of PA6,6 compounds with different flame retardants has been studied. PA6,6 is widely used in electric, electronic, automotive, textile and household appliances and these applications requires PA6,6to have flame retardant properties. Without flame retardants PA6,6 burns easily and continues to burn and drip even after the source of flame taken away. To change this disadvantages of PA 6,6 to advantages, halogen and non halogen flame retardants are used alone and together for synergistic effects with and without glass fiber and properties gained by these additives studied. In this study flame resistance and electrical properties which restricted to use of area of application of PA 6,6 has been improved. When obtaining V-0 values by UL-94 standards, non-conductivity properties have been improved as well. This study resulted that by using proper flame retardant additives the application area of PA6,6 can be increased and the danger it poses for human life can be eliminated. This theses contain nine chapters. In first and second chapter give general introduction of the polymer materials and detail information about PA 6,6. In chapter three general information for flame retardants have been described. In chapter four detail information gave for fire. Chapter five is described flame retardancy and its characteristics. Chapter six is describe the literature survey for polymer and some flame retardants. Chapter seven detail information about experimental study. Chapter eight gives detail information for experimental results. Chapter nine describe results, conclusion and future suggestion of the this study. Eylül 2004 Arif YILMAZ
MÜHENDİSLİK POLİMERLERİNİN YANMAZLIK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ Population of the world is increasing rapidly. To meet the demands of the population technology is developing very fast as well and offering new products to the market every day. The aim is to develop lighter, environmentally friendly, and higher quality products at lower costs. That is why instead of metals, which are heavy and difficult to process , alternative materials are sought. At the top of the alternative material list come plastics, which are used more and more instead of metals every day. There are disadvantages of plastics compared to metals; primarily, heat resistance, resistance to flames and mechanical properties. Plastics, which are used widely in daily life, burn easily when they come across flames and release poisonous gaseous. This has caused loss of many lives, houses and materials. To convert this disadvantage of plastics to advantage and protect loss of lives and economic materials, some additives, modifiers and fillers have been used. Special additives are developed to retard the flammability of plastics and reduce the smoke emissions when they are burning. In this study the properties of PA6,6 compounds with different flame retardants has been studied. PA6,6 is widely used in electric, electronic, automotive, textile and household appliances and these applications requires PA6,6to have flame retardant properties. Without flame retardants PA6,6 burns easily and continues to burn and drip even after the source of flame taken away. To change this disadvantages of PA 6,6 to advantages, halogen and non halogen flame retardants are used alone and together for synergistic effects with and without glass fiber and properties gained by these additives studied. In this study flame resistance and electrical properties which restricted to use of area of application of PA 6,6 has been improved. When obtaining V-0 values by UL-94 standards, non-conductivity properties have been improved as well. This study resulted that by using proper flame retardant additives the application area of PA6,6 can be increased and the danger it poses for human life can be eliminated. This theses contain nine chapters. In first and second chapter give general introduction of the polymer materials and detail information about PA 6,6. In chapter three general information for flame retardants have been described. In chapter four detail information gave for fire. Chapter five is described flame retardancy and its characteristics. Chapter six is describe the literature survey for polymer and some flame retardants. Chapter seven detail information about experimental study. Chapter eight gives detail information for experimental results. Chapter nine describe results, conclusion and future suggestion of the this study. Eylül 2004 Arif YILMAZ