Publication: Türk ceza muhakemesi hukukunda kovuşturma evresi
Abstract
5271 sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nda muhakeme süreci soruşturma ve kovuşturma olmak üzere iki evreden oluşmaktadır. Soruşturma evresinde toplanan delillerin suçun işlendiği hususunda yeterli şüphe oluşturması durumunda Cumhuriyet savcısı tarafından düzenlenen iddianamenin mahkemece kabul edilmesi ile kovuşturma evresine geçilmektedir. Kovuşturma evresi; “duruşma hazırlığı”, “duruşma” ve “hüküm” olmak üzere üç devreye ayrılmaktadır. Kovuşturmadan maksat kovuşturmaya hakim ilkeler çerçevesinde maddi gerçeğin araştırılıp yargılamaya konu fiil ve fail hakkında bir hüküm verilmesidir. Duruşma hazırlığı devresinde duruşmanın yoğunluğu ilkesince tek celsede hüküm verilebilmesini temin için duruşmaya tarafların çağrılması, iddianamenin tebliği, toplanması istenen delillerden uygun görülenlerin toplanması gibi bazı usuli işlemler yerine getirilmekte istisnai olarak da sanık, tanık ve bilirkişinin dinlenmesi, keşif gibi esasa dair bazı işlemler yapılabilmektedir. Duruşma devresinde istisnai durumlar hariç aleni yapılan duruşmada deliller ortaya konulmakta, çelişmelilik ilkesi uyarınca iddia ve savunma taraflarının sözlü olarak delilleri tartışmasına imkan tanınarak delillerin doğrudan doğruyalığı (vasıtasızlık) ilkesince hakim ile deliller arasına hiçbir vasıta girmeden değerlendirilmektedir. Hüküm devresinde duruşmada tartışılan deliller ile ilişkili konu veya sorunları hakimler aralarında müzakere edip vicdanlarında serbestçe değerlendirip oylayacaklar nihayet şekle ve esasa dair unsurları barındıran bir hüküm ile kovuşturma evresini sonlandıracaklardır (kovuşturma evresine, “kanunyolları” da dahil ise de inceleme konumuz ilk derece mahkemesi ile sınırlandırılmıştır). Çalışmamızda kovuşturma evresinde yer alan devreler tarafların ispata katkıları bağlamında ele alınmış, uygulama ve teoride tespit edilen sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271 consists of two phases, investigation and prosecution. If it is concluded that the evidence collected during the investigation phase is sufficient to initiate a lawsuit, the trial phase is initiated after the court accepts the indictment prepared by the public prosecutor. Trial phase; It is divided into three phases as “preliminary proceedings”, “trial” and “verdict”. The purpose of the prosecution is to investigate the material truth within the framework of the principles related to the prosecution and to make a verdict about the act and the perpetrator. During the preliminary proceedings, in order to ensure that a verdict can be passed in a single session according to the principle of the intensity of the trial, some procedural procedures such as summoning the parties to the trial, notification of the indictment, collecting the appropriate evidence from the evidence requested to be collected are carried out; exceptionally, some substantive procedures such as hearing of the accused, witnesses and experts and discovery can be carried out. Except for exceptional cases during the trial period, evidence is presented in the public hearing; In accordance with the principle of contradiction, the parties of the claim and the defense are allowed to discuss the evidence orally, and the evidence is evaluated without any intermediary between the judge and the evidence, according to the principle of directness (indirectness). During the verdict; the judges will discuss the evidence discussed in the presence among themselves, evaluate and vote freely in their conscience; If they come to the conclusion that there is no other issue that needs to be investigated, they will end the trial phase with a provision that includes formal and substantive elements (although the prosecution phase includes legal remedies, our subject of investigation is limited to the court of first instance). In our study, the circuits in the prosecution phase are discussed in the context of the parties' contributions to the proof, and solutions for the problems identified in practice and theory are presented.
Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271 consists of two phases, investigation and prosecution. If it is concluded that the evidence collected during the investigation phase is sufficient to initiate a lawsuit, the trial phase is initiated after the court accepts the indictment prepared by the public prosecutor. Trial phase; It is divided into three phases as “preliminary proceedings”, “trial” and “verdict”. The purpose of the prosecution is to investigate the material truth within the framework of the principles related to the prosecution and to make a verdict about the act and the perpetrator. During the preliminary proceedings, in order to ensure that a verdict can be passed in a single session according to the principle of the intensity of the trial, some procedural procedures such as summoning the parties to the trial, notification of the indictment, collecting the appropriate evidence from the evidence requested to be collected are carried out; exceptionally, some substantive procedures such as hearing of the accused, witnesses and experts and discovery can be carried out. Except for exceptional cases during the trial period, evidence is presented in the public hearing; In accordance with the principle of contradiction, the parties of the claim and the defense are allowed to discuss the evidence orally, and the evidence is evaluated without any intermediary between the judge and the evidence, according to the principle of directness (indirectness). During the verdict; the judges will discuss the evidence discussed in the presence among themselves, evaluate and vote freely in their conscience; If they come to the conclusion that there is no other issue that needs to be investigated, they will end the trial phase with a provision that includes formal and substantive elements (although the prosecution phase includes legal remedies, our subject of investigation is limited to the court of first instance). In our study, the circuits in the prosecution phase are discussed in the context of the parties' contributions to the proof, and solutions for the problems identified in practice and theory are presented.