Publication: The research of calcıum pyrophosphate dıhydrate crystallızatıon kınetıcs ın pure and ımpure medıa
Abstract
SAF ve SAF OLMAYAN ORTAMLARDA KALSİYUM PİROFOSFAT DİHİDRAT KİNETİĞİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI Kalsiyum pirofosfat dihidrat hem endüstriyel ve hem de klinik çalışmalar açısından önemli bir bileşiktir. Başlıca gübre sanayisinde kalsiyum ve potasyum amonyum pirofosfatların üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Öte yandan kalsiyum pirofosfat dihidratın eklem sıvısında birikimi psödogut olarak isimlendirilen romotolojik hastalığa sebep olmaktadır. Bu hastalığın belirli bir tedavi yöntemi ve direkt bu hastalığa yönelik bir ilaç formülasyonu mevcut değildir. Bu nedenlerle, kalsiyum pirofosfat dihidratın kristalizasyon kinetiğinin aydınlatılması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kalsiyum pirofosfat dihidrat, MSMPR tipi bir kristalizatörde 37C’de, 650 rpm karıştırma hızında ve 4 sa kalma süresinde sodyum pirofosfat dekahidrat ile kalsiyum klorür dihidratın reaksiyonuyla üretilmiştir. Burada katkı maddesi olarak beş farklı türde amino asit (Alanin, Metionin, Serin, Asparajin ve Pirolin) üç farklı derişimde kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen kristalleri karakterize etmek üzere SEM, XRD, FTIR, zeta potansiyel ve BET yüzey alanı analizleri uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kalsiyum pirofosfat dihidrat kristalizasyon ortamında katkı olarak kullanılan tüm amino asitlerin ortak etkileri, kararlı aggregate yapıların oluşumu ve saf ortama göre ortalama parçacık boyutunun azalması olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Bunun yanında saf ortamda kalsiyum pirofosfat dihidrat kristallizasyonunda sayı yoğunluğu teorisine göre değerlendirme sonucunda, büyüme hızının M4 modeline uyduğu tespit edilmiştir. Amino asit katkılı durumlar için ise sayı yoğunluğu denklemi kırılma ve aglomerasyon etkileri de hesaba katılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu sonuçlarla amino asit varlığında kalsiyum pirofosfat dihidrat kristalizasyonunda, aggregate kırılma hızının büyüme hızından daha yüksek değerlerde olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca parçacıkların kırılma mekanizmasının erozyon tipi kırılma olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kalsiyum pirofosfat dihidrat, kristalizasyon, boyuta bağlı büyüme modelleri, aglomerasyon, kırılma ve amino asit katkısı.
THE RESEARCH OF CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN PURE AND IMPURE MEDIA Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate is an important compound in terms of both industrial and clinical studies. It is used mainly in fertilizer industry the production of potassium and calcium ammonium pyrophosphate. On the other hand, the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the synovial fluid causes named pseudogout which is a rheumatologic disease. For this disease there is no any specific treatment and the drug formulation which effect directly is not available. So it is important to clarify both the crystallization kinetics of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. In this study, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate was produced in MSMPR type crystallizer at 37 C, 650 rpm stirrer rate and 4 h mean residence time by using the reaction of sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate with calcium chloride dihydrate. Five different kinds of amino acids as additive (alanine, methionine, serine, asparagine and pyrolysis) were used three different concentrations. SEM,XRD, FTIR, zeta potential and BET surface area analysis were applied to characterize calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals obtained experimentally. As a result, the existence of stable agglomerated structures and the decrease of mean particle size compared to pure media has been the general effects of all amino acids used as additives on the crystallization media of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. Besides, according to the population density theory evaluations for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystallization data in pure media it was detected that data in pure media fitted M4 growth model. However, population density equation taking into account breakage and agglomeration solved numerically for the cases of amino acid additives. According to these results, breakage rate for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the presence of amino acids was found to be higher compared to the growth rate of the aggregate. Moreover, erosion type breakage was found as the mechanisms of breakage. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, crystallization, size dependent growth models, agglomeration, breakage and amino acid additives.
THE RESEARCH OF CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN PURE AND IMPURE MEDIA Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate is an important compound in terms of both industrial and clinical studies. It is used mainly in fertilizer industry the production of potassium and calcium ammonium pyrophosphate. On the other hand, the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the synovial fluid causes named pseudogout which is a rheumatologic disease. For this disease there is no any specific treatment and the drug formulation which effect directly is not available. So it is important to clarify both the crystallization kinetics of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. In this study, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate was produced in MSMPR type crystallizer at 37 C, 650 rpm stirrer rate and 4 h mean residence time by using the reaction of sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate with calcium chloride dihydrate. Five different kinds of amino acids as additive (alanine, methionine, serine, asparagine and pyrolysis) were used three different concentrations. SEM,XRD, FTIR, zeta potential and BET surface area analysis were applied to characterize calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals obtained experimentally. As a result, the existence of stable agglomerated structures and the decrease of mean particle size compared to pure media has been the general effects of all amino acids used as additives on the crystallization media of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. Besides, according to the population density theory evaluations for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystallization data in pure media it was detected that data in pure media fitted M4 growth model. However, population density equation taking into account breakage and agglomeration solved numerically for the cases of amino acid additives. According to these results, breakage rate for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the presence of amino acids was found to be higher compared to the growth rate of the aggregate. Moreover, erosion type breakage was found as the mechanisms of breakage. Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, crystallization, size dependent growth models, agglomeration, breakage and amino acid additives.