Publication: Türkçe ve Japoncada durum eklerinin karşılaştırmalı analizi
Abstract
Tezin giriş bölümünde Türkçe ve Japoncanın yapı özellikleri, tarihleri, bu dillerin benzerlikleri ve kökensel ilişkilerine dair çalışmalardan kısaca bahsedilmiş, tezin konusu ve yöntemi alt başlıklar halinde verilmiştir. Birinci bölümde, Türkçe ve Japonca durum eklerinin biçimbirimleri, sözcük öbekleri ve cümledeki işlevleri karşılaştırılmıştır. İkinci bölümde tezde kullanılan temel kavramlar ve kuramsal çerçeve anlatılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde Evrensel Dilbilgisi’ne göre, Türkçe ve Japonca eylemlerin hangi durumları (ve durum eklerini) zorunlu, seçimli veya isteğe bağlı olarak yönettiği analiz edilmiştir. Analizde N. Chomsky’nin Yönetim-Bağlama Kuramı ve onun alt kuramı olan Durum Kuramından yararlanılmıştır. Minna no Nihongo I adlı Japon dili ders kitabından basit yapıdaki, alıntı olmayan, Türkçe birinci anlamları denk olan elli dokuz eylem seçilmiştir. Eylemlerin bulunduğu Türkçe ve Japonca örnek cümleler üzerinden karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda incelenen elli dokuz eylemin Türkçe ve Japoncada büyük ölçüde aynı durumları zorunlu veya seçimli üye olarak yönetebildiği saptanmıştır. Farklı durumları zorunlu veya seçimli üye olarak yöneten eylemlerin ise farklı kılınışsal özelliklerde kullanıldıklarında diğer dildeki durumları yönetebildiği görülmüştür.
In the introduction of the thesis, studies about the structural features, histories, similarities, and root relations of Turkish and Japanese languages are briefly mentioned; the subject and method of the thesis are given in sub-headings. Under the first section, the morphological, lexical, and syntactic functions of Turkish and Japanese case suffixes are compared. Under the second section, the basic concepts and theoretical framework used in the thesis are explained. In the third section, according to Universal Grammar, which cases (and case suffixes) of Turkish and Japanese languages are governed as mandatory, optional, or unprompted by verbs, is analyzed. N. Chomsky's Government-Binding Theory and Case Theory which is its sub-theory were used in the analysis. Fifty-nine verbs which are simple verbs and not loan words, with the equivalent meanings in Turkish were selected from the Japanese teaching textbook named Minna no Nihongo I. Comparisons were made over the Turkish and Japanese sample sentences including these verbs. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that fifty-nine verbs examined in the thesis can govern the same cases in Turkish and Japanese to a large extent as mandatory or optional members. It has been observed that the verbs that govern different cases as mandatory or optional members can govern cases in the other one when they are used with different modalities.
In the introduction of the thesis, studies about the structural features, histories, similarities, and root relations of Turkish and Japanese languages are briefly mentioned; the subject and method of the thesis are given in sub-headings. Under the first section, the morphological, lexical, and syntactic functions of Turkish and Japanese case suffixes are compared. Under the second section, the basic concepts and theoretical framework used in the thesis are explained. In the third section, according to Universal Grammar, which cases (and case suffixes) of Turkish and Japanese languages are governed as mandatory, optional, or unprompted by verbs, is analyzed. N. Chomsky's Government-Binding Theory and Case Theory which is its sub-theory were used in the analysis. Fifty-nine verbs which are simple verbs and not loan words, with the equivalent meanings in Turkish were selected from the Japanese teaching textbook named Minna no Nihongo I. Comparisons were made over the Turkish and Japanese sample sentences including these verbs. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that fifty-nine verbs examined in the thesis can govern the same cases in Turkish and Japanese to a large extent as mandatory or optional members. It has been observed that the verbs that govern different cases as mandatory or optional members can govern cases in the other one when they are used with different modalities.