Publication: Petrol sızıntısıyla kontamine olmuş bir akaryakıt istasyonunun çevre ve halk sağlığı açısından TKKNKKSDY kapsamında incelenmesi ve rehabilitasyonu için uygun metodoloji araştırılması
Abstract
PETROL SIZINTISIYLA KONTAMİNE OLMUŞ BİR AKARYAKIT İSTASYONUNUN ÇEVRE VE HALK SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN TKKNKKSDY KAPSAMINDA İNCELENMESİ VE REHABİLİTASYONU İÇİN UYGUN METODOLOJİ ARAŞTIRILMASI Akaryakıt istasyonları, faaliyete başladıkları andan itibaren yeraltı tanklarında depoladıkları maddelerden dolayı toprak ve yeraltı suyu açısından potansiyel risk oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca sanayileşme ve nüfus artışı sebebiyle otomotiv yakıtının perakende ticaretinin yapıldığı bu akaryakıt istasyonlarının sayıları her yıl artış göstermektedir. Toprak ve yeraltı sularını korumak için akaryakıt istasyonlarından kaynaklanacak sızıntıların hızlı tespit ve teşhisi önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı petrol sızıntısı ile kontamine olmuş bir akaryakıt istasyonun TKKNKKSDY açısından değerlendirmesinin yapılması ve kirlilik kaynağının tespit edilerek rehabilitasyon/ iyileştirme yöntemlerinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında petrol sızıntısı ile kontamine olmuş bir akaryakıt istasyonunda öncelikle toprak numunesi alma amaçlı 4-6 metre derinliğinde 4 adet sığ sondaj yapılarak toprak numuneleri alınmıştır. Çalışmanın genişlemesi ve inceleme alanındaki kirlilik kaynağının belirlenmesi için inceleme alanını temsil edecek şekilde benzin ve mazot içeren yeraltı tankları, akaryakıt altyapı dolum adaları ve altyapı tesisatlarını da dahil olarak seçilen üç noktada 10-12 m derin sondajlar ve gözlem amaçlı izleme kuyuları teşkil edilmiştir. Su kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla da sahada teşkil edilen üç kuyudan toplamda 10 set su numunesi alınmıştır. İlk dokuz veri seti, Mart 2018 ve Ekim 2019 dönemleri arasında (ortalama 2-3 ayda 1 defa) düşük debili pompa ile toplanmıştır ve uluslararası laboratuvara gönderilerek toplam petrol hidrokarbonları, benzen, toluen, etilbenzen, ksilen (BTEX) ve metil tersiyer bütil eter (MTBE) analiz edilmiştir. Aynı metotla onuncu veri seti yeraltı su numuneleri Ekim 2021 yılında alınarak analizleri tamamlanmıştır. Ayrıca inceleme alanının komşu binası kapalı otopark alanında seçilen iki noktadan ve bodrum kattaki asansörden 2018 yılı Aralık ayında iç hava pasif örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Çevre ve halk sağlığı açısından akaryakıt istasyonunda pilot ölçekli yerüstü iyileştirme sistemi kurulmuştur. Teşkil edilen kuyularda biriken akaryakıt ve petrol türevi ürün, dalgıç pompalar ve kompresörler vasıtası ile emniyetli olarak tesisin geçici atık depolama ünitesine alınmış ve mevzuata uygun olarak bertarafı sağlanmıştır. Çalışma sahasından alınan numune sonuçları kullanılarak GWSDAT programıyla kirliliğin dağılımı izlenmiştir. Ayrıca RISC5 programıyla istasyondaki çalışanların ve yakın çevresindeki insanların kanser olma riski ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen tüm bulgular ışığında inceleme sahası TKKNKKSDY kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler sonucunda sahanın toprak ve yeraltı suyu açısından kirlenmiş saha olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü ve Noktasal Kaynaklı Kirlenmiş Sahalara Dair Yönetmelik, Akaryakıt İstasyonları, toprak kirliliği, kirlilik yayılımı, GWSDAT, RISC5, yeraltı suyu kirliliği, TPH, BTEX, MTBE.
INVESTIGATION OF AN APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY OF THE FUEL STATION CONTAMINATED BY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN LINE WITH THE REGULATION ON CONTROLLING SOIL POLLUTION AND POINT-SOURCE POLLUTED FIELDS (TKKNKKSDY) Fuel stations pose a potential risk for soil and groundwater due to the substances they store in underground tanks from the moment they start operating. In addition, due to industrialization and population growth, the number of these fuel stations, where retail trade of automotive fuel is carried out, increases every year. In order to protect soil and groundwater, rapid detection and diagnosis of leaks from fuel stations is important. The purpose of this study is to visualize and eloborate in terms of the Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Source Contaminated Fields (RCSPPSCF) in a fuel station contaminated with oil spills, and to determine the source of pollution and rehabilitation/ remediation methods. Within the scope of the study, soil samples were taken by making 4 shallow drillings at a depth of 4-6 meters for soil sampling at the fuel station contaminated with oil spills. In order to expand the study and determine the source of pollution in the study area, 10-12 m deep drillings and observation wells were created at three selected points, including underground tanks containing gasoline and diesel oil, fuel infrastructure filling islands and infrastructure installations to represent the study area. In order to determine the water quality, a total of 10 sets of water samples were taken from three wells in the field. The first nine datasets were collected with a low-flow pump between March 2018 and October 2019 (on average once in 2-3 months) and sent to the international laboratory for total petroleum hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) analysis. The tenth data set was taken in October 2021 and its analyze was completed with the same method, In addition, indoor air passive sampling was carried out in December 2018 from two selected points in the closed parking area of the neighboring building of the study area and from the elevator in the basement floor. In terms of environment and public health, a pilot scale surface improvement system was established at the fuel station. The fuel and petroleum-derived product accumulating in the formed wells was safely taken to the temporary waste storage unit of the facility by means of submersible pumps and compressors, and disposed of in accordance with the legislation. The distribution of pollution was monitored with the GWSDAT program using the sample results taken from the study area. Moreover, with the RISC5 program, the risk of cancer of the employees at the station and the people around them was revealed. In the light of all the data obtained, the study area was evaluated within the scope of RCSPPSCF. As a result of these evaluations, it has been determined that the site is contaminated in terms of soil and groundwater. Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Source Contaminated Fields, fuel stations, soil pollution, pollution spillover, GWSDAT, RISC5, groundwater pollution, TPH, BTEX, MTBE.
INVESTIGATION OF AN APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGY OF THE FUEL STATION CONTAMINATED BY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH IN LINE WITH THE REGULATION ON CONTROLLING SOIL POLLUTION AND POINT-SOURCE POLLUTED FIELDS (TKKNKKSDY) Fuel stations pose a potential risk for soil and groundwater due to the substances they store in underground tanks from the moment they start operating. In addition, due to industrialization and population growth, the number of these fuel stations, where retail trade of automotive fuel is carried out, increases every year. In order to protect soil and groundwater, rapid detection and diagnosis of leaks from fuel stations is important. The purpose of this study is to visualize and eloborate in terms of the Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Source Contaminated Fields (RCSPPSCF) in a fuel station contaminated with oil spills, and to determine the source of pollution and rehabilitation/ remediation methods. Within the scope of the study, soil samples were taken by making 4 shallow drillings at a depth of 4-6 meters for soil sampling at the fuel station contaminated with oil spills. In order to expand the study and determine the source of pollution in the study area, 10-12 m deep drillings and observation wells were created at three selected points, including underground tanks containing gasoline and diesel oil, fuel infrastructure filling islands and infrastructure installations to represent the study area. In order to determine the water quality, a total of 10 sets of water samples were taken from three wells in the field. The first nine datasets were collected with a low-flow pump between March 2018 and October 2019 (on average once in 2-3 months) and sent to the international laboratory for total petroleum hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) analysis. The tenth data set was taken in October 2021 and its analyze was completed with the same method, In addition, indoor air passive sampling was carried out in December 2018 from two selected points in the closed parking area of the neighboring building of the study area and from the elevator in the basement floor. In terms of environment and public health, a pilot scale surface improvement system was established at the fuel station. The fuel and petroleum-derived product accumulating in the formed wells was safely taken to the temporary waste storage unit of the facility by means of submersible pumps and compressors, and disposed of in accordance with the legislation. The distribution of pollution was monitored with the GWSDAT program using the sample results taken from the study area. Moreover, with the RISC5 program, the risk of cancer of the employees at the station and the people around them was revealed. In the light of all the data obtained, the study area was evaluated within the scope of RCSPPSCF. As a result of these evaluations, it has been determined that the site is contaminated in terms of soil and groundwater. Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Source Contaminated Fields, fuel stations, soil pollution, pollution spillover, GWSDAT, RISC5, groundwater pollution, TPH, BTEX, MTBE.
Description
Keywords
Akaryakıt İstasyonları, BTEX, Çevre bilimi, Çevre koruma, Environmental protection, Environmental sciences, fuel stations, groundwater pollution, GWSDAT, kirlilik yayılımı, MTBE, pollution spillover, Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution and Point Source Contaminated Fields, RISC5, soil pollution, toprak kirliliği, Toprak Kirliliğinin Kontrolü ve Noktasal Kaynaklı Kirlenmiş Sahalara Dair Yönetmelik, TPH, yeraltı suyu kirliliği