Publication: Mehmet Sait Ordubadi'nin (1872-1950) Azerbaycan milli kültür ve sosyal hayatındaki yeri
Abstract
M. S. ORDUBADİ’NİN (1872-1950) AZERBAYCAN MİLLİ KÜLTÜR VE SOSYAL HAYATINDAKİ YERİ 20. yüzyılın başında Azerbaycan içtimai ve siyasi hayatında aktif rol oynayan, Azerbaycan edebiyatında tarihi roman akımının öncüsü, eserleri, makaleleri, şiir ve öyküleriyle Bolşevizm’in Azerbaycan’da yerleşmesini tebliğ eden fakat milli kimlikten, milli tarih ve düşünceden asla vazgeçilmemesi gerektiğini vurgulayan önemli şahıslardan biri Mehmet Sait Ordubadi olmuştur. Henüz genç yaşlarından başlayarak Çar istibdat rejimine karşı muhalefet eden, ardından 1905-1911 yılları arasında meydana gelen İran İhtilali’nde faal rol alan ve bu nedenle tutuklanan, sürgünde ise Bolşeviklerle tanışan Ordubadi, bütün hayatı boyunca Bolşevizm düşüncesine sadık kaldı, yapıtlarında da emperyalist güçleri ve kapitalizm dünyasını ağır bir dille eleştirdi. Özellikle Azerbaycan’ın Sovyet Kızıl Ordusu tarafından ele geçirilmesinden sonra 1930’lu yılların başına kadar gazetecilik faaliyetleri ile meşgul olarak Bolşevizm’in sade halk arasında yerleşmesi için gayret sarf etti. 1930’dan vefat ettiği 1950 yılına kadar Azerbaycan edebiyatının şaheserleri olan Kılıç ve Kalem ve Dumanlı Tebriz’in yanı sıra birçok önemli eser kaleme aldı. Hayatı boyunca inandığı değerlere sadık kalan Mehmet Sait, bu değerlerin hilafına hareket eden kim olursa olsun onunla mücadele etti. Hatta kimi zaman dönemin Azerbaycan’daki Komünist Partisi önderlerini bile eleştirmekten geri durmadı. Sade yaşamıyla gerçek bir “Sosyalist insan” görüntüsü çizdiği için 1930’lu yılların sonunda bütün Sovyetler Birliğini etkisi altına alan “aydın kıyımı” dönemini sorunsuz atlattı ve sağ kalan birkaç önemli aydından biri olarak 1938’de milletvekili olarak ödüllendirildi. O da kendisine yapılan bu jestin karşılığı olarak II. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında Stalin ve Lenin’i öven şiirler kaleme aldı. 1990’dan önce, yani Sovyetler Birliği döneminde hakkında en fazla makale, hatıra ve eser yazılan kişilerden biri Ordubadi idi. Fakat bu çalışmalarda genel olarak edibin sadece hayatından ve edebi faaliyetlerinden bahsedilmiştir. Özellikle günlük gazetelerde yayınlanan makalelerine çok az değinilmiştir. Oysa bu çalışmanın amacı yazarın eser ve makalelerini inceleyerek, değişik konulardaki düşüncelerini ortaya çıkararak onun özellikle Azerbaycan milli kültür ve sosyal hayatındaki yerini daha net bir şekilde anlatmaya çalışmaktır.
THE ROLE OF M. S. ORDUBADI (1872-1950) IN THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIFE OF AZERBAIJAN At the begining of the 20th century Mehmet Sait Ordubadi was one of the leading figures who played an important role in the social and cultural life of Azerbaijan. As a pioneer of the genre of historical novel in Azerbaijani literature, Ordubadi contributed to the establishment of Bolshevizm in Azerbaijan, but at the same time he never renounced the national identity, history and thought. Right from his youth Ordubabi had opposed to the despotic Tsarist regime and because of his influential role in the Iranian Revolution of 1905 he was arrested. He met Bolsheviks in excile and had been loyal to Bolshevizm during his lifetime and severely criticized imperialist powers and capitalist world in his works. He struggled for establishment of Bolshevism among ordinary people by means of journalist activities until the early 1930's, especially after the invasion of Azerbaijan by the Red Army. He wrote a number of important works such as Kılıç ve Kalem and Dumanlı Tebriz from 1930 until his death in 1950. Being loyal to the values he believed throughout his life, Mehmet Said struggled against those who opposed to those values. Moreover, he did not stop criticizing leaders of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. Because of his modest and simple life he portrayed an image of a real Socialist, and survived in the period of slaughter of intellectuals which terrorized all of the Soviet Union. He was also rewarded as one of the surviving intellectuals by being a member of the Parliament in 1938. In response to this favor he wrote some poems praising Stalin and Lenin during the years of World War II. It is not an exaggeration to say that Ordubadi was one of the people about whom most of the books, articles and memoirs in the period of the Soviet Union, i.e. before 1990, were written. But generally these works only talk about his life and literary activities. Especially his articles published in daily newspapers are rarely discussed. Therefore the aim of this work is to find out his thoughts about different subjects and identify especially his role in the social and cultural life of Azerbaijan by examining his books and articles.
THE ROLE OF M. S. ORDUBADI (1872-1950) IN THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAL LIFE OF AZERBAIJAN At the begining of the 20th century Mehmet Sait Ordubadi was one of the leading figures who played an important role in the social and cultural life of Azerbaijan. As a pioneer of the genre of historical novel in Azerbaijani literature, Ordubadi contributed to the establishment of Bolshevizm in Azerbaijan, but at the same time he never renounced the national identity, history and thought. Right from his youth Ordubabi had opposed to the despotic Tsarist regime and because of his influential role in the Iranian Revolution of 1905 he was arrested. He met Bolsheviks in excile and had been loyal to Bolshevizm during his lifetime and severely criticized imperialist powers and capitalist world in his works. He struggled for establishment of Bolshevism among ordinary people by means of journalist activities until the early 1930's, especially after the invasion of Azerbaijan by the Red Army. He wrote a number of important works such as Kılıç ve Kalem and Dumanlı Tebriz from 1930 until his death in 1950. Being loyal to the values he believed throughout his life, Mehmet Said struggled against those who opposed to those values. Moreover, he did not stop criticizing leaders of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. Because of his modest and simple life he portrayed an image of a real Socialist, and survived in the period of slaughter of intellectuals which terrorized all of the Soviet Union. He was also rewarded as one of the surviving intellectuals by being a member of the Parliament in 1938. In response to this favor he wrote some poems praising Stalin and Lenin during the years of World War II. It is not an exaggeration to say that Ordubadi was one of the people about whom most of the books, articles and memoirs in the period of the Soviet Union, i.e. before 1990, were written. But generally these works only talk about his life and literary activities. Especially his articles published in daily newspapers are rarely discussed. Therefore the aim of this work is to find out his thoughts about different subjects and identify especially his role in the social and cultural life of Azerbaijan by examining his books and articles.