Publication: Sosyal belirleyiciler ekseninde sporun değişen imgeleri
Abstract
Modernleşme ve küresel iletişim, insan hayatındaki birçok yaşam alanının belirleyicisi konumuna gelmiştir. Bu durum siyasetten spora birçok alanda bireylerin zihinsel algılamasını da etkilemiştir. Araştırmanın amacı; yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitim düzeyi gibi toplumsal belirleyicilere göre bireylerin spor branşlarına bakış açısını tespit etmektir. Saha araştırmasına ışık tutmak için öncelikli olarak sporun tanımı ve işlevleri, modernleşme, imgenin kavramsal çerçevesi ve imge üretim dinamikleri ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada 742 kişiye anket tekniği ile 15 soru yöneltilmiştir. Araştırma, kota örneklemesi ile İstanbul nüfus verileri esas alınarak seçilmiş, İstanbul’da yaşayan 20 yaş üzeri kadın ve erkek okur-yazar bireyler üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, spor branşlarının imgelerinin birbirinden farklı olduğu, bu farklılığı yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ve spora katılım durumuna göre değişiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Branşların toplumsal imgelerinin şekillenmesinde en çarpıcı özelliklerinin etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Kayak ve golf “sosyetik”; tenis, artistik patinaj ve binicilik “zevkli ve sosyetik”; judo ve taekwondo “tehlikeli”; boks “tehlikeli ve saldırgan”; güreş “tehlikeli ve saygın”; voleybol, yüzme ve basketbol “zevkli ve saygın”; futbol, masa tenisi, step aerobik fitness “zevkli”; aikido “savunma sporu”; artistik cimnastik ise “zevkli ve çevik, kıvrak” bir spor olarak tespit edilmiştir. Basketbol, futbol, voleybol, masa tenisi ve yüzme branşlarının “zevkli bir spor”, boksun ise “tehlikeli ve saldırgan bir spor” olduğu hususunda toplumun ittifak ettiği, bu imgenin kuvvetli bir şekilde toplumda yerleştiği ve bu branşların toplumsal imgelerinin şekillenmesinde sosyal belirleyicilerin belirleyici olmadığı görülmüştür. Toplumda, spor branşlarının imgeleri sosyal belirleyicilere göre değişiklik gösterirken, bazı branşlarda ise sosyal belirleyicilerin etkili olmadığı, modern toplumu etkileyen dinamiklerin bu durumda etkili olduğu söylenebilir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Spor branşları, toplumsal imge, sosyal belirleyiciler.
Changing Images of Sports on the Axis of Social Determinants Modernization and global communication have reached to the extent of determining the way of life of humankind in many different areas. This fact has effected the perceptions of people from different majors varying from politics to sports. The aim of this research is to find out people’s perceptions of sport activities by bearing in mind the social determiners like; age, gender and education level. In order to enlighten the case study the following terms are examined previously; the definition of sports and its functions, modernization, the conceptual framework of the term ‘image’ and the dynamics creating image. In this study 15 questions addressed to 742 people in a questionnaire. Survey, based on Istanbul’s population data, is applied on illiterately individuals, who are over 20 years old by using, quota sampling. The most appearing properties are effective in the formation of images of branches. It is noted that skiing and golf “fashionable”, tennis, figure skating, riding “enjoy and fashionable”, judo and taekwondo “dangers”, boxing “dangers and aggressive”, wrestling “dangers and respectable”, volleyball, swimming, basketball “enjoy and respectable”, football, table tennis, step aerobics fitness “enjoy”, aikido “defensive sport”, figure gymnastic “enjoy, agile, supple”. It is agreed that basketball, football, volleyball, table tennis and swimming branches are commonly assigned as entertaining sports and this image is strongly established among society and it is seen that social determiners are not effective in the formation of images of this social branches. Images of the sports branches are varying with the social determiners but in some branches it can be seen that they are not efficient; instead, dynamics that are influence on modern community are effective. Key words: Sport branches, social image, social determinants.
Changing Images of Sports on the Axis of Social Determinants Modernization and global communication have reached to the extent of determining the way of life of humankind in many different areas. This fact has effected the perceptions of people from different majors varying from politics to sports. The aim of this research is to find out people’s perceptions of sport activities by bearing in mind the social determiners like; age, gender and education level. In order to enlighten the case study the following terms are examined previously; the definition of sports and its functions, modernization, the conceptual framework of the term ‘image’ and the dynamics creating image. In this study 15 questions addressed to 742 people in a questionnaire. Survey, based on Istanbul’s population data, is applied on illiterately individuals, who are over 20 years old by using, quota sampling. The most appearing properties are effective in the formation of images of branches. It is noted that skiing and golf “fashionable”, tennis, figure skating, riding “enjoy and fashionable”, judo and taekwondo “dangers”, boxing “dangers and aggressive”, wrestling “dangers and respectable”, volleyball, swimming, basketball “enjoy and respectable”, football, table tennis, step aerobics fitness “enjoy”, aikido “defensive sport”, figure gymnastic “enjoy, agile, supple”. It is agreed that basketball, football, volleyball, table tennis and swimming branches are commonly assigned as entertaining sports and this image is strongly established among society and it is seen that social determiners are not effective in the formation of images of this social branches. Images of the sports branches are varying with the social determiners but in some branches it can be seen that they are not efficient; instead, dynamics that are influence on modern community are effective. Key words: Sport branches, social image, social determinants.