Publication: Kuantum mekaniği, sosyal bilimler felsefesi ve coğrafya
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Abstract
Fizik biliminde meydana gelen gelişmeler, doğa bilimlerinin epistemolojisini
etkilemiştir. Sosyal bilimler ve daha özelde coğrafya uzun dönem bilimsel alanda
hakim konumda olan doğa bilimleri karşısında konumlanmaya çalışmıştır. Sosyal
bilimler ve coğrafyanın kurumsallaşması 18. yüzyıla dayanmaktadır. Sosyal bilimlerin
ve coğrafyanın, konuları ele alma biçiminde, bilimsel iddialarında ve yaklaşımlarında
bu dönemde hakim olan doğa bilimleri felsefesi etkili olmuştur. 20. yüzyıl başlarında
fizik biliminde meydana gelen değişmeler kuantum mekaniğinin gündeme gelmesine
ve modern bilimin eleştirilmesi ve meşruiyetinin sarsılması ile sonuçlanmıştır.
Kuantum mekaniğinin etkileri ve dönemin sosyal, ekonomik ve politik olayları
bilimsel alanda paradigma dönüşümlerine yol açmıştır. Ortaya çıkan yeni durumda
sosyal bilimler ve coğrafyanın felsefesinde değişimler yaşanmıştır. Bu dönemde sosyal
bilimler ve coğrafya, modern doğa bilimlerinin meşruiyetinin sorgulandığı bir
ortamda gerçek bilgiye ulaşmanın farklı yollarını aramış ve çok paradigmalı bir
döneme girmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, dönemin sosyal, ekonomik ve politik
gelişmelerinin yanı sıra kuantum mekaniğinin sosyal bilimler ve coğrafya üzerindeki
etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Yapılan değerlendirmelere göre, kuantum mekaniği,
sadece modern bilimin “bilimsellik” iddiasını sarsmakla kalmamış aynı zamanda
bilimsel araştırmaların ön yargıyla yapıldığını, “gerçeğin” kültürel faktörlere bağlı
olduğunu, araştırmacının rolünün araştırmanın sonuçları üzerinde etkili ortaya
koymuştur.
Developments in physics have affected the epistemology of natural sciences. Social sciences, and more particularly geography, have long been trying to take position themselves by natural sciences, which dominate the scientific field for a long time. The institutionalization of social science and geography goes back to the 18th century. The philosophy of natural sciences, dominated by social sciences, and geography, in its way of dealing with issues, scientific claims and approaches, has been influential. The changes that took place in physics in the early 20th century resulted in the coming of quantum mechanics and the criticism of modern science and its loss of legitimacy. The effects of quantum mechanics and the social, economic and political events of the period have led to scientific paradigm shifts in the field. In the emerging new situation, there have been changes in the philosophy of social sciences and geography. In this period, social sciences and geography have entered a multi-paradigmatic period, seeking different ways of achieving real knowledge in an environment where the legitimacy of modern natural sciences is questioned. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of the quantum mechanics on social sciences and geography in addition to the social, economic and political developments of the period. According to the evaluations, quantum mechanics revealed that not only did undermine modern science’s "scientificnesss" claim but also set forth that scientific studies are prejudiced, and that "truth" depends on cultural factors, and the role of the researcher has an effect on research results.
Developments in physics have affected the epistemology of natural sciences. Social sciences, and more particularly geography, have long been trying to take position themselves by natural sciences, which dominate the scientific field for a long time. The institutionalization of social science and geography goes back to the 18th century. The philosophy of natural sciences, dominated by social sciences, and geography, in its way of dealing with issues, scientific claims and approaches, has been influential. The changes that took place in physics in the early 20th century resulted in the coming of quantum mechanics and the criticism of modern science and its loss of legitimacy. The effects of quantum mechanics and the social, economic and political events of the period have led to scientific paradigm shifts in the field. In the emerging new situation, there have been changes in the philosophy of social sciences and geography. In this period, social sciences and geography have entered a multi-paradigmatic period, seeking different ways of achieving real knowledge in an environment where the legitimacy of modern natural sciences is questioned. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of the quantum mechanics on social sciences and geography in addition to the social, economic and political developments of the period. According to the evaluations, quantum mechanics revealed that not only did undermine modern science’s "scientificnesss" claim but also set forth that scientific studies are prejudiced, and that "truth" depends on cultural factors, and the role of the researcher has an effect on research results.
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BİLGİLİ M., TOPRAK M. A., "Kuantum Mekaniği, Sosyal Bilimler Felsefesi ve Coğrafya", Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, cilt.18, sa.1, ss.369-381, 2020
