Publication: Çeşitli sektörler uygulamaları için doğal kaynaklı malzemelerle ekonomik ve işlevsel kompozitlerin geliştirilmesi
Abstract
Sentetik malzemelerin hafif yapısal uygulamaları, çevresel ve ekonomik kaygılar nedeniyle dünya çapındaki otoriteler tarafından sınırlandırılmıştır. Lif takviyeli kompozit malzemeler, tüm kompozit malzemeler (örneğin metaller veya saf plastik malzemeler) arasında ağırlık, mukavemet ve sertlik açısından önemli avantajlar sağlar. Ancak, çok iyi mekanik özelliklere rağmen, bu malzemeler ham petrol bazlı malzemelerin fiyat dalgalanmaları ve karbon ve cam elyafların geri dönüşüm işlemlerinin yüksek maliyeti nedeniyle dezavantajlıdır. Bu tez çalışmasında biyokompozit yapıların üretilmesi ve özelliklerinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, kenevir ve keten liflerinin takviye malzemesi olarak kullanıldığı biyo kompozit yapıların başta otomotiv sektörü olmak üzere diğer sektörlerde de hafif parçaların ekonomik ve çevreye duyarlı olarak üretilmesinin sağladığı avantajlar incelenmiştir. Takviye malzemesi olarak taraklama prosesi yan ürünü olan kenevir tow kısa elyafı düşük maliyeti ve yönlendirilmiş keten elyafları işlenebilme kolaylığı, sürdürülebilirlik ve yönlendirilmiş dayanım vb. avantajlarından dolayı tercih edilmiştir. Biyo kompozit yüzeylerin temel bileşenlerinden olan matris malzemesi olarak polilaktik asit (PLA) ve bicomponent polilaktik asit (bico PLA) lifleri kullanılmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında, atık kenevir ve keten takviye lifleri termoplastik polilaktik asit (PLA) ve bikomponent polilaktik asit (bico PLA) matris lifleri ile karıştırılmış ve geleneksel tarak makinesinde tarak tülbenti üretilmiştir. Tülbent içerisindeki matris lifleri ısıl işlem maruz bırakılmış ve yüzeyler basınç altında şekillendirilmiştir. Termoplastik liflerin konsolidasyonu ile biyo kompozit yüzeyler elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile üretilen yüzeylerin performans değerlerini ölçmek için mekanik testler uygulanmış ve analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulanan mekanik testler arasında; çekme dayanımı, çekme uzaması ve elastikiyet modülü bulunmaktadır. Yüzeylerin kalınlık ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile üretilen yüzeylerin performans değerlerini ölçmek için mekanik testler uygulanmış ve analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kullanılan elyafların boylarının ve liflerin tek yönde yönlendirilmesinin etkileri incelenmiştir. Söz konusu inceleme ile elyaf boyunun ve tek yönde lif hizalanmasının kompozit yapıların çekme dayanımı, çekme uzaması ve elastikiyet modülü üzerinde meydana getirdiği etkiler tespit edilmiştir. Kompozit yapılara yapılan testler sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlar pazarda hali hazırda bulunan bazı ticari ürünlerle benzerdir. Tez çalışması kapsamında elde edilen verilere göre bitkisel kaynaklı lif takviyeli kompozit yapıların otomotiv vb. alanlarda kullanımı ile daha ekonomik ve çevre ile uyumlu ürünlerin elde edilmesinin yanı sıra yeni iş olanakları da sağlayabileceği öngörülmüştür.
Lightweight structural applications of synthetic materials have been restricted by authorities around the world due to environmental and economic concerns. Fiber-reinforced composite materials offer significant advantages in weight, strength and stiffness among all composite materials (for example, metals or pure plastic materials). However, despite very good mechanical properties, these materials are disadvantaged by the price fluctuations of crude oil-based materials and the high cost of recycling carbon and glass fibers. In this thesis, it is aimed to produce biocomposite structures for load-bearing parts as an alternative solution and to examine their properties. In this context, the advantages of economically and environmentally friendly production of light parts in biocomposite structures, in which hemp and flax fibers are used as reinforcement materials, in other sectors, especially in the automotive sector, were examined. Hemp tow short fiber, which is a by-product of the carding process as a reinforcement material, has low cost and oriented flax fibers, ease of processing, sustainability and oriented strength, etc. chosen because of its advantages. Polylactic acid (PLA) and bicomponent Polylactic acid (bico PLA) fibers were used as matrix material, which is one of the basic components of biocomposite surfaces. In order to determine the performance values of the surfaces produced with this study, mechanical tests were applied and analyzes were carried out. Among the applied mechanical tests; tensile strength, bending strength and modulus. Thickness measurements of the surfaces were carried out. In this study, waste hemp and flax reinforcement fibers were mixed with thermoplastic polylactic acid (PLA) and bicomponent Polylactic acid (bico PLA) matrix fibers and comb cheesecloth was produced in a conventional carding machine. The matrix fibers in the cheesecloth were subjected to heat treatment and the surfaces were shaped under pressure. Biocomposite surfaces were obtained by producing thermoplastic fibers by melting. Mechanical tests were applied and analyzes were carried out for the performance values of the surfaces produced in this study. The results of the lengths of the fibers used and the orientation of the fibers in one direction. With the examination in question, it was determined that fiber length and fiber alignment in single directions are not possible for composite structures to shrink, and the effects on tensile elasticity and elasticity modulus were determined. The results obtained from tests on composite structures are similar to some commercial products already on the market. According to the data obtained within the scope of the thesis study, the use of plant-based fiber reinforced composite structures in automotive etc. It is envisaged that its use in areas will not only produce more economical and environmentally compatible products, but also provide new job opportunities.
Lightweight structural applications of synthetic materials have been restricted by authorities around the world due to environmental and economic concerns. Fiber-reinforced composite materials offer significant advantages in weight, strength and stiffness among all composite materials (for example, metals or pure plastic materials). However, despite very good mechanical properties, these materials are disadvantaged by the price fluctuations of crude oil-based materials and the high cost of recycling carbon and glass fibers. In this thesis, it is aimed to produce biocomposite structures for load-bearing parts as an alternative solution and to examine their properties. In this context, the advantages of economically and environmentally friendly production of light parts in biocomposite structures, in which hemp and flax fibers are used as reinforcement materials, in other sectors, especially in the automotive sector, were examined. Hemp tow short fiber, which is a by-product of the carding process as a reinforcement material, has low cost and oriented flax fibers, ease of processing, sustainability and oriented strength, etc. chosen because of its advantages. Polylactic acid (PLA) and bicomponent Polylactic acid (bico PLA) fibers were used as matrix material, which is one of the basic components of biocomposite surfaces. In order to determine the performance values of the surfaces produced with this study, mechanical tests were applied and analyzes were carried out. Among the applied mechanical tests; tensile strength, bending strength and modulus. Thickness measurements of the surfaces were carried out. In this study, waste hemp and flax reinforcement fibers were mixed with thermoplastic polylactic acid (PLA) and bicomponent Polylactic acid (bico PLA) matrix fibers and comb cheesecloth was produced in a conventional carding machine. The matrix fibers in the cheesecloth were subjected to heat treatment and the surfaces were shaped under pressure. Biocomposite surfaces were obtained by producing thermoplastic fibers by melting. Mechanical tests were applied and analyzes were carried out for the performance values of the surfaces produced in this study. The results of the lengths of the fibers used and the orientation of the fibers in one direction. With the examination in question, it was determined that fiber length and fiber alignment in single directions are not possible for composite structures to shrink, and the effects on tensile elasticity and elasticity modulus were determined. The results obtained from tests on composite structures are similar to some commercial products already on the market. According to the data obtained within the scope of the thesis study, the use of plant-based fiber reinforced composite structures in automotive etc. It is envisaged that its use in areas will not only produce more economical and environmentally compatible products, but also provide new job opportunities.