Publication: Ekonomik krizlerin edebiyata yansımaları : John Steinbeck ve George Orwell'ın eserlerinde 1929 krizi ve sonuçları
Abstract
Tarihin çeşitli dönemlerinde toplumları ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasal anlamda önemli ölçüde etkileyen ekonomik krizler meydana gelmiştir. ABD’de başlayıp, Avrupa ve diğer birçok ülkeye sirayet ederek ekonomik ve sosyal yapıyı olumsuz yönde etkileyen 1929 Dünya Ekonomik Krizi, dönemin var olan ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını paradigma değişimine uğratmıştır. İktisat tarihi literatüründe, tarihin en büyük krizlerinden biri olarak yer edinmiş 1929 Krizi, işçi sınıfının çalışma koşullarını derinden etkilemiş, yoksulluğu arttırmış ve işsizlik olgusunun meydana gelmesine sebebiyet vermiştir. İktisat ve edebiyat her ne kadar birbirlerinden farklı disiplinler olarak gözükseler de, öznesi insan olan ve bir sosyal bilim olarak kabul edebileceğimiz iktisat ile konu edinim noktasında insanı ve doğayı seçen edebiyat arasında önemli ilişkiler bulmak mümkündür. Bu bağlamda bazı edebi eserler, iktisadi olayların yaratmış olduğu ekonomik ve sosyal değişimi başarılı bir şekilde yansıtabilmektedir. Söz konusu dönemin fotoğrafını net bir şekilde çekebilmekte ve okuyucuya sunabilmektedir. John Steinbeck ve George Orwell gibi kriz dönemini deneyimlemiş yazarlar edebiyatın bu çarpıcı özelliğini usta bir şekilde kullanmış, böylece söz konusu dönemdeki sosyo-ekonomik yapının fotoğrafını romanlar aracılığıyla aktarmışlardır. Bu çalışmada 1929 Dünya Ekonomik Krizi ve iktisat-edebiyat ilişkisi üzerine çalışmalara yönelik literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ekonomik krizin meydana getirmiş olduğu ekonomik ve sosyal tahribatın ABD ve Avrupa üzerinde yaratmış olduğu etkileri konu edinen Steinbeck ve Orwell eserleri sosyo-ekonomik bağlamda incelenmiştir.
At various times in history, economic crises have occured that have significantly affected societies economically, socially and politically. The World Economic Crisis of 1929, which began in the United Stated and then spread to Europe and Other countries, negatively impacting the economic and social structure, created significant changes in economic and social structure. The Crisis of 1929, considered one of the greatest crises in economic history, profoundly affected working-class working conditions, increased poverty, and caused unemployment. Although economics and literature are viewed as two different disciplines, there are some similarities between them. As a social science, the subject of economics is human. At the same time literature deals with human and natüre in its choice of subject. Therefore we can find important relationships between economics and literature. In this context, some literary works can successfully reflect the economic and social change created by economic events. It is able to take a clear photo of the period in question and present it to reader. Steinbeck and Orwell, who have experienced the crisis period, are writers who are succuessful in using this feature of literature. Thus, they presented photograph of the socio-economic structure in the period in question through novels. In this study, a literature Review has been made on the 1929 World Economic Crisis and the relationship between economics and literature. Steinbeck and Orwell novels, which includes the effects of the economic and social damage caused by the economic crisis on the USA and Europe, have been examined in a socio-economic context.
At various times in history, economic crises have occured that have significantly affected societies economically, socially and politically. The World Economic Crisis of 1929, which began in the United Stated and then spread to Europe and Other countries, negatively impacting the economic and social structure, created significant changes in economic and social structure. The Crisis of 1929, considered one of the greatest crises in economic history, profoundly affected working-class working conditions, increased poverty, and caused unemployment. Although economics and literature are viewed as two different disciplines, there are some similarities between them. As a social science, the subject of economics is human. At the same time literature deals with human and natüre in its choice of subject. Therefore we can find important relationships between economics and literature. In this context, some literary works can successfully reflect the economic and social change created by economic events. It is able to take a clear photo of the period in question and present it to reader. Steinbeck and Orwell, who have experienced the crisis period, are writers who are succuessful in using this feature of literature. Thus, they presented photograph of the socio-economic structure in the period in question through novels. In this study, a literature Review has been made on the 1929 World Economic Crisis and the relationship between economics and literature. Steinbeck and Orwell novels, which includes the effects of the economic and social damage caused by the economic crisis on the USA and Europe, have been examined in a socio-economic context.
Description
Keywords
1929 Dünya Ekonomik Krizi, Criticism and interpretation, Çalışma Koşulları, Economi in literature, Economics-Literature Relevance, Ekonomi, Edebiyatta, Eleştiri ve yorum, Financial crises, Finansal krizler, George Orwell, George Orwell 1929 World Economic Crisis, Global Financial Crisis, 1929, İktisat-Edebiyat İlişkisi, İşsizlik, John Steinbeck, Küresel Finansal Krizler, 1929, Living Conditions, Orwell, George, 1903-1950, Poverty, Steinbeck, John, 1902-1968, Unemployment, Working Conditions, Yaşam Koşulları, Yoksulluk
