Publication: Esnek üretim örgütlenmesine dönüşüm ve KOBİ’ler
Abstract
Bu çalışmada temel olarak uluslararası pazarlardaki rekabet koşullarının dayandığı temellere, Türkiye'deki KOBİ'lerin, uyum sağlayıp sağlamadığına, Kendinden Yapışkanlı Etiket iş alanı özelinde bakılmaya çalışılmıştır. Lonca döneminde ustalar üretim aracına, üretim nesnesine ve bilgisine sahip olarak ürününü kendi tasarlayıp, kendi emeği ile üretiyordu. Ancak manüfaktür döneminde işbölümüne dayalı el birliğinin ortaya çıkmasıyla lonca döneminin ustası üretim aracının, nesnesinin ve bilgisinin sahibi olma özelliklerini yitirmiştir. Sanayi devriminin çıkış noktası olan makinenin ortaya çıkması ile üretimin toplumsal niteliği yeni bir biçim almıştır. Makinenin taylorist ilkelere göre kullanılması ile birlikte, üretim faaliyeti içinde makinenin bir fonksiyonu haline gelen işçi daha önce sahip olduğu planlama, uygulama, kontrol etme ve gerektiğinde tamir ve bakım işlerini yapma fonksiyonlarının hepsini birlikte yerine getiremez hale gelmiştir. Ancak 1970'lerin başından itibaren Taylorist emek düzenleme biçimi, artık sermayenin yeniden üretim sürecinde işlemez hale gelmiştir. Uluslararası talebin değişmesi ve Fordizm'in kendi iç tıkanıklıkları nedeniyle Fordist üretim krize girmiştir. Eskiden rekabette belirleyici fiyatken, büyük serilerde ucuz mal üreten kazanırken, şimdi ise rekabette belirleyici özelliğin kalite olduğuna dikkat çekilmektedir. Araştırma yaptığımız firmalar; üretimin her aşamasında kalite kontrolün olması, işgücünün eğitim düzeyinin iyi olması, sipariş üzerine üretim yapıldığı için tüketici taleplerine kolay uyum sağlanması gibi özellikleri ile, işletmenin Post-Fordist bir işletmeye yönelmesini kolaylaştıracak birtakım özellikler taşımaktadırlar. Ancak firmalar; toplam kalite eğitiminin olmaması, kalite çemberleri çalışmalarının yapılmaması, tasarım bölümünün iş alanının özelliğinden dolayı firma içine taşınamaması, sistemli bir araştırma ve geliştirme bölümünün olmaması, işgücü sirkülasyonunun yüksek olması ve fazla mesai uygulanmasından dolayı, üretim organizasyonu anlamında Taylorist işletme özelliklerini taşımaktadır. İş alanındaki firmalarda Fordizm'den Post-Fordizm'e bilinçli bir dönüşüm faaliyeti görülmemektedir.
In this work it mainly directs to the whole bazaars in the international area and its basic and if it is not accepted by the little and middle size companies in Turkey and it has been found out that Self Adhessive Labeling. In a guild period, all head of a guild had known that how to produce and how to know what to do. Everything had been programmed and they also used their own power to do that. In fact througout the manufactor period, they devided the whole work into the different parts. In a guild period the person who was a head of a guild started to lose the knowledge and experience that they had had before. The machine was invented with the coming of industrial development production has changed its face in a social area. Machines wich had been used as the Taylorist ideas the workers partly pushed aside. All the workers had no chanse to do as they used to do so much in the past. For instance planning, controlling and if it needs they mend every bad activity in the machine. Lately, they had no apportunity to do everything in the same time. But from the first parts of the 1970 s, Taylorist management organization capital has not started to work in production period. It depends on the international offers and Fordizm wich had destored itself of its own has come to crizis. In the past, the main point in rivalry was prize, in a so much production they produced cheaper ones,but earned more than they produced. Recently, people realized that the most important thing in rivalry is qualification. The companies wich we have searched ; there must be qualification control in every side of production system, working powers and education must be so well, because of production was done whatever they wanted to, these special ways Post-Fordist ideas have helped with those special rules. But all firms, because of not having the whole production education, not paying attention to the qualification circles, not having planing area inside of the companiese, not having sistematicly searching and improving areas, not having the same working powers (because of geting new workers or leaving the earlies) , and forcing whole people in the firm to work so many hours. Thise sentences below shows us that those parts comes from Taylorist system. Firms in a working side, from Fordizm to post -Fordizm, it isn't seen a good changing activties.
In this work it mainly directs to the whole bazaars in the international area and its basic and if it is not accepted by the little and middle size companies in Turkey and it has been found out that Self Adhessive Labeling. In a guild period, all head of a guild had known that how to produce and how to know what to do. Everything had been programmed and they also used their own power to do that. In fact througout the manufactor period, they devided the whole work into the different parts. In a guild period the person who was a head of a guild started to lose the knowledge and experience that they had had before. The machine was invented with the coming of industrial development production has changed its face in a social area. Machines wich had been used as the Taylorist ideas the workers partly pushed aside. All the workers had no chanse to do as they used to do so much in the past. For instance planning, controlling and if it needs they mend every bad activity in the machine. Lately, they had no apportunity to do everything in the same time. But from the first parts of the 1970 s, Taylorist management organization capital has not started to work in production period. It depends on the international offers and Fordizm wich had destored itself of its own has come to crizis. In the past, the main point in rivalry was prize, in a so much production they produced cheaper ones,but earned more than they produced. Recently, people realized that the most important thing in rivalry is qualification. The companies wich we have searched ; there must be qualification control in every side of production system, working powers and education must be so well, because of production was done whatever they wanted to, these special ways Post-Fordist ideas have helped with those special rules. But all firms, because of not having the whole production education, not paying attention to the qualification circles, not having planing area inside of the companiese, not having sistematicly searching and improving areas, not having the same working powers (because of geting new workers or leaving the earlies) , and forcing whole people in the firm to work so many hours. Thise sentences below shows us that those parts comes from Taylorist system. Firms in a working side, from Fordizm to post -Fordizm, it isn't seen a good changing activties.