Publication: Hafıza – anıt ilişkisi bağlamında katledilen Avrupalı Yahudiler anıtı
Abstract
Almanya'nın başkenti Berlin'de yer alan, Peter Eisenman tarafından tasarlanan ve 10 Mayıs 2005’te açılan Katledilen Avrupalı Yahudiler Anıtı; Nazi döneminde öldürülen Yahudilerin anısına, Almanları ve gelecek nesilleri uyarmak amacıyla devletin resmi desteğiyle inşa edilmiştir. 1988’de başlayan anıt süreci on yedi yıla yayılan çok sayıda tartışmaya, iki yarışmaya, yarışma sergilerine, açık oturumlara ve tartışmalı bir inşaat sürecine neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada hem Katledilen Avrupalı Yahudiler Anıtı’nın sürecine ve yol açtığı tartışmalara hem de Katledilen Avrupalı Yahudiler Anıtı’na yol açan sürece ve tartışmalara odaklanılmıştır. Almanya’nın geçmişiyle yüzleşme ve hesaplaşma çabalarının bir sonucu olarak inşa edilen anıta ilişkin bu çalışmada, geçmişle yüzleşme ve hesaplaşma sürecinin açık ve anlaşılır kılınabilmesi amacıyla anıt ve hafıza kavramlarına, ayrıca 1945 sonrası dönemi de içine alan anıt tartışmaları ve anıt sürecine değinilmiştir. Katledilen Avrupalı Yahudiler Anıtı’nın ve anıt sürecinin yol açtığı tartışmaların daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için anıt, hafıza, mekân, geçmiş gibi kavramların dönüşümü ele alınmış, ortaya çıkan yeni gelişmelerin ve imkânların bireyin/ toplumun davranış ve deneyimlerini nasıl dönüştürdüğü gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada hafıza ve anıt kavramları ile Almanya’nın geçmişiyle olan ilişkisi bağlamında Katledilen Avrupalı Yahudiler Anıtı’nın ve anıtı deneyimleme biçimlerinin hatırlama ve unutma süreçleriyle ilişkisi ve bu süreçlere olan etkileri gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Anıt ve hafıza kavramları, Almanya’nın Nazi geçmişiyle olan ilişkisi, anıt süreci ve tartışmaları literatür taramasıyla açık kılınmaya çalışılmıştır.
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, designed by Peter Eisenman and inaugurated on May 10, 2005, which is in Berlin, the capital of Germany, was built with the official support of the state to commemorate the Jews killed during the Nazi era and to warn Germans and future generations. The memorial process, which began in 1988, led to numerous discussions, two competitions, several competition exhibitions, panel discussions and a controversial construction process, all spreading to seventeen years. In this study the focus is on both the process of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the discussion it caused, as well as the process and discussion that led to the emerging of Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. In this study regarding the memorial/ monument, which was built as a result of Germany's efforts to confront and come to terms with its past, in order to make the process of confronting and coming to terms with the past clear and understandable, concepts of monument and memory, as well as the discussion on monuments and the monument process, including the post-1945 period, were examined. In order to understand the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the discussions caused by the monument process better, the transformation of the concepts such as monument, memory, space, and the past was analysed in detail. Besides, this thesis tries to present how new developments and opportunities that had emerged after transform the behaviour and experiences of the individual/ society. It aims to show the relationship of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the ways of experiencing the monument with the processes of remembering and forgetting, alongside with its effects on these processes within the context of the concepts of memory and Monument and the relationship of the monument to Germany's past. It tries to exhibit and clarify the concepts of monument and memory, Germany's relationship with the Nazi past, the memorial process and its discussions by literature search.
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, designed by Peter Eisenman and inaugurated on May 10, 2005, which is in Berlin, the capital of Germany, was built with the official support of the state to commemorate the Jews killed during the Nazi era and to warn Germans and future generations. The memorial process, which began in 1988, led to numerous discussions, two competitions, several competition exhibitions, panel discussions and a controversial construction process, all spreading to seventeen years. In this study the focus is on both the process of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the discussion it caused, as well as the process and discussion that led to the emerging of Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. In this study regarding the memorial/ monument, which was built as a result of Germany's efforts to confront and come to terms with its past, in order to make the process of confronting and coming to terms with the past clear and understandable, concepts of monument and memory, as well as the discussion on monuments and the monument process, including the post-1945 period, were examined. In order to understand the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the discussions caused by the monument process better, the transformation of the concepts such as monument, memory, space, and the past was analysed in detail. Besides, this thesis tries to present how new developments and opportunities that had emerged after transform the behaviour and experiences of the individual/ society. It aims to show the relationship of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe and the ways of experiencing the monument with the processes of remembering and forgetting, alongside with its effects on these processes within the context of the concepts of memory and Monument and the relationship of the monument to Germany's past. It tries to exhibit and clarify the concepts of monument and memory, Germany's relationship with the Nazi past, the memorial process and its discussions by literature search.