Publication: 19. yüzyılda Filstin’de arazi satışları
Abstract
Filistin toprakları, asırlar boyunca farklı milletlerin hedefi olmuştur. Filistin'de, eski cağdan itibaren İslam fethine kadar savaşlar, tehcir ve katliamlar yaşanmıştır. Ancak İslam fethi ile Osmanlı hakimiyetinin son asrına kadarki 12 asırlık donem, haclı seferleri sayılmazsa Filistin'in yaşadığı en uzun barış, istikrar ve huzur donemidir. Filistin ile ilgili problemler, 19. yuzyılın başlarında Avrupa'da yaşanan bazı sorun ve gelişmelerden dolayı başlamıştır. Haclı seferleri başarısızlığa uğradığı gibi Neapoleon'un da başarısız hamlesinden sonra Avrupalılar, Filistin topraklarını askeri yollarla alamayacakları kanaatine vardıklarında, Yahudi sermayesini kullanarak kutsal saydıkları toprakları ele gecirmenin yollarını aradılar. Boylece Filistin topraklarına yabancılar tarafından buyuk bir rağbet ve talep oluştu. Ancak Filistin'in hakimiyeti altında bulunduğu Osmanlı Devleti, kendi toprak butunluğunu tehdit edecek ve halkının huzurunu bozacak bu taleplere karşı cıkarak Filistin'de yabancılara arazi satışlarını yasakladı. Bu tezin amacı Filistin'de arazi satışlarını ve bu satışlar ile ilgili iktisadi, siyasi, ve sosyal meseleleri incelemek ve bugunku Filistin sorununun Osmanlı donemi'ndeki ekonomik koklerini araştırmaktır. Bu araştırmada tumevarım yontemi kullanılarak Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri başta olmak uzere konu ile ilgili kaynaklarda, 19. yuzyılda Filistin'de yapılan arazi satışları ve satış işleminin ana ogeleri ayırıntılarıyla incelenmiştir. Bu incelemelerden ortaya cıkan en onemli bulgularından biri Osmanlı Devleti'nin bolgedeki arazi satışları ile ilgili tutumu ve yapılan satışların Filistin'deki ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasi etkileridir. Bir diğer bulgu da, Filistin'de yabancı Yahudilerin arazi satın alma girişimlerinin bireysel ve basit bir mesele olmayıp arkasında buyuk doktrinler, devletler ve teşkilatların var olduğudur. Ayrıca siyonizmin “vatansız halk icin halksız vatan” soylemi gerceklerden farklıdır.
A long the history, Palestine has been a target for different nations. From the ancient ages till the islamic conquest, wars, deportation and massacres occured in Palestine. However, from the islamic conquest till the ottoman rule, along 12 centuries, Palestine lived its longest peaceful and stable period, if the years of crusades are not taken in considartion. The problems in Palestine started due to some changes in Europe in the beginning of the 19.th century. After the failure of the crusades, followed by the unsuccessful military compaign of Neapolean, the Europeans realized that they will not be able to gain control over the lands of Palestine by the military means, therefore, they started to use the Jewish capital to invade the holy land. As a result, Palestinian lands started to be a target of the foreigners. Ottoman authority that ruled Palestine, refused such requests from the foreign capital and banned all sales of the lands in Palestine to the foreigners, as an attempt to keep the territorial integrity of Palestine and the peace of Palestinian people. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the land sales in Palestine and the economic, politic and social issues related to those sales, and to highlight the economic roots of the Palestinian cause that exceed to the ottoman era. In this research, all the land sales in Palestine in the 19.th century and all the related documents and procedures obtained from the sources specially from the ottoman archive, were investigated in details by induction method. One of the most important findings of those investigations is the attitude of the Ottoman authorities related to the sales of land, in addition to the economic, social and politic effects of those sales in Palestine. Another finding is that the attempts of purchase land in Palestine by the foreign Jews, were not ndividual and simple cause, oppositely, those attempts were supported by big doctrines, states and organizations. Moreover, the Zionist slogan of “A country without people for a people without country” was totally different from the reality.
A long the history, Palestine has been a target for different nations. From the ancient ages till the islamic conquest, wars, deportation and massacres occured in Palestine. However, from the islamic conquest till the ottoman rule, along 12 centuries, Palestine lived its longest peaceful and stable period, if the years of crusades are not taken in considartion. The problems in Palestine started due to some changes in Europe in the beginning of the 19.th century. After the failure of the crusades, followed by the unsuccessful military compaign of Neapolean, the Europeans realized that they will not be able to gain control over the lands of Palestine by the military means, therefore, they started to use the Jewish capital to invade the holy land. As a result, Palestinian lands started to be a target of the foreigners. Ottoman authority that ruled Palestine, refused such requests from the foreign capital and banned all sales of the lands in Palestine to the foreigners, as an attempt to keep the territorial integrity of Palestine and the peace of Palestinian people. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the land sales in Palestine and the economic, politic and social issues related to those sales, and to highlight the economic roots of the Palestinian cause that exceed to the ottoman era. In this research, all the land sales in Palestine in the 19.th century and all the related documents and procedures obtained from the sources specially from the ottoman archive, were investigated in details by induction method. One of the most important findings of those investigations is the attitude of the Ottoman authorities related to the sales of land, in addition to the economic, social and politic effects of those sales in Palestine. Another finding is that the attempts of purchase land in Palestine by the foreign Jews, were not ndividual and simple cause, oppositely, those attempts were supported by big doctrines, states and organizations. Moreover, the Zionist slogan of “A country without people for a people without country” was totally different from the reality.