Publication: Özbekistan'ın inşasında İslam Kerimov : Hayatı ve fikirleri (1938-2016)
Abstract
XX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Rusya’da Bolşevik İhtilali’nin gerçekleşmesi sonucu Çarlık rejiminin yıkılması, Çarlık idaresi altında olan Orta Asya’nın 1924 yılında Sovyet Rusya ile yeniden şekillenmesi anlamına geldi. İlk olarak milliyetler politikası ile Orta Asya’ya yaklaşan Sovyet Rusya, yapay kimlikler meydana getirerek bu coğrafyayı beş cumhuriyet şeklinde parçalı bir yapıya böldü. Böylelikle hem Pantürkizm hem de Panislamizm gibi tehlikeli görülen hareketlerden devletin uzak tutulması, parçalı yapıların ise tahayyül edilen Sovyet insanı içerisinde daha rahat eriyebileceği öngörüldü. Sovyet Rusya, üzerinde titizlikle durarak yürüttüğü politikalarına rağmen Sovyet insanını oluşturamadı fakat meydana getirilen ulus kimlikler, çizilen problemli devlet sınırları beş cumhuriyet tarafından sahiplenildi. Orta Asya Türk cumhuriyetlerinden birisi olan Özbekistan, SSCB’nin dağılmasıyla 31 Ağustos 1991’de İslam Kerimov’un liderliğinde bağımsızlığını kazandı. Kerimov, bağımsızlığın ardından 29 Aralık günü ilk defa gerçekleşen seçimler sonucunda Özbekistan’ın ilk devlet başkanı olarak 2 Eylül 2016 tarihindeki vefatına kadar devletin siyasi, sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel anlamda inşasının liderliğini yaptı. Dış politikada ise Afganistan ve Tacikistan’dan ülkesine gelebilecek dinî radikalizm tehdidine karşı Rusya ve ABD başta olmak üzere küresel ve bölgesel güçlerle dengeli bir siyaset izledi. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Özbekistan’ın inşasında ilk Devlet Başkanı İslam Kerimov’un hayatını, fikirlerini ve faaliyetlerini kendi eserleri ve Âli Meclis konuşmalarındaki yazılarına başvurarak ortaya koymaktır.
The collapse of the Tsarist regime after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in the first quarter of the 20th century meant the reshaping of Central Asia under Tsarist rule by Soviet Russia in 1924. Soviet Russia, which first approached Central Asia with its Nationalities policy, created artificial identities and divided this geography into a fragmented structure as five republics. In this way, movements such as Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism, considered dangerous, were kept away from the state, while the idea was that fragmented structures could dissolve more easily within the imagined Soviet people. Soviet Russia could not create the Soviet people despite its meticulously implemented policies; however, the national identities created and the problematic state borders drawn were claimed by five republics. Uzbekistan, one of the Central Asian Turkic republics, became independent under the leadership of Islam Karimov on August 31, 1991, with the dissolution of the USSR. As the first President of Uzbekistan after the elections held for the first time on 29 December following independence, Karimov led a political, social, economic, and cultural construction of Uzbekistan until his death on September 2, 2016. He followed a balanced foreign policy with global and regional Powers, especially Russia and the USA, against the threat of Islamic radicalism that could come to its country from Afghanistan and Tajikistan. This study aims to describe the life, ideas, and activities of Islam Karimov, the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, by referring to his works and his writings in the speeches of the Oliy Majlis.
The collapse of the Tsarist regime after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in the first quarter of the 20th century meant the reshaping of Central Asia under Tsarist rule by Soviet Russia in 1924. Soviet Russia, which first approached Central Asia with its Nationalities policy, created artificial identities and divided this geography into a fragmented structure as five republics. In this way, movements such as Pan-Turkism and Pan-Islamism, considered dangerous, were kept away from the state, while the idea was that fragmented structures could dissolve more easily within the imagined Soviet people. Soviet Russia could not create the Soviet people despite its meticulously implemented policies; however, the national identities created and the problematic state borders drawn were claimed by five republics. Uzbekistan, one of the Central Asian Turkic republics, became independent under the leadership of Islam Karimov on August 31, 1991, with the dissolution of the USSR. As the first President of Uzbekistan after the elections held for the first time on 29 December following independence, Karimov led a political, social, economic, and cultural construction of Uzbekistan until his death on September 2, 2016. He followed a balanced foreign policy with global and regional Powers, especially Russia and the USA, against the threat of Islamic radicalism that could come to its country from Afghanistan and Tajikistan. This study aims to describe the life, ideas, and activities of Islam Karimov, the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, by referring to his works and his writings in the speeches of the Oliy Majlis.