Publication: Göç bağlamında yurttaşlık ve toplumsal cinsiyet: Türkiye kökenli amsterdamlı kadınların yurttaşlık deneyimleri
Abstract
Yurttaşlık, Göç, Toplumsal cinsiyet, Türkiye kökenli göçmen kadınlar, Hollanda, Neoliberalizm, Kentsel Yönetişim Özet Bu doktora tez projesinde ulusaşırı göç bağlamında yurttaşlık ve sivik katılımın toplumsal cinsiyetlenmiş boyutu, makro dinamiklerle ilişkili olarak incelenmiştir. Toplumsal cinsiyet ve etnisite, siyasal-sosyal yapılar ve göçmenlerle ilgili söylemlerle etkileşim içinde yurttaşlık örüntülerini şekillendiren analitik kategoriler olarak ele alınmıştır. Bakış açısı kuramlarının yöntemsel yaklaşımından yararlanılarak, Amsterdam’ın Türkiye kökenli göçmenlerin yoğunlaştığı doğu ve batı semtlerinde yürütülen nitel alan araştırması ile, Türkiye kökenli kadınların semt düzeyinde refah kurumları ile kurdukları ilişki ve gündelik deneyimlerine odaklanılmıştır. Küreselleşme ve göçün yarattığı dinamiklerle şekillenen kentsel alanlar, göçmenlerin somut gündemleri ile göçmenlere yönelik hegemonik politika gündemlerinin kesiştiği alanlardır. Araştırmayı yürüttüğüm bağlamda Türkiye kökenli kadınlar mahallerdeki sosyal refah kurumlarının tipik kullanıcılarındandır. Mahalle düzeyi, kadınların daha kolaylıkla girebildiği bir kamusal alan olmanın ötesinde, refah devletindeki çözülme ve neoliberal gündemler çerçevesinde şekillenen politikaların, en genel anlamıyla sosyal hizmet alanında birey-aile ve mahalle düzeyini öne çıkaran, kişisel yüz yüze ilişkilere dayanan bir “yönetim felsefesi”ni ortaya koyması nedeniyle de önemlidir. Yurttaşlık bu alanlarda, “problem kategorisi” olarak inşa edilen göçmen kökenli kadınlara ulaşmaya yönelik programlar yoluyla, gerek göçmenlerle entegrasyon ve refah sektörünün temsilcileri gerekse göçmenlerin kendi aralarındaki yüzyüze ilişkiler yoluyla inşa edilmektedir. Hollanda bağlamında yerel düzeylerdeki entegrasyon ve özgürleşim (emancipatie) programları, göçmen kadınlar- sivil toplum ve devlet/ yerel yönetim arasında gönüllülük, yurttaş sorumluluğu ve piyasa aktörlerini de içeren karmaşık bir “sektör” oluşturmuştur. Key Words: Citizenship, Migration, Gender, Turkish women, Netherlands, Neoliberalism, Urban governance
In this research project, I tried to examine the gendered dimension of civic participation in Turkish-Dutch transnational context. I used gender and ethnicity as key analytic categories, interacting with social and political structures and discourse on immigrants in general, shaping participation, incorporation and citizenship patterns. Using some methodological suggestions of women’s standpoint theories and based on a fieldwork placing Turkish immigrant women’s “experiences” in two clusters of immigrant neighborhoods located in the east and west parts of the Amsterdam that Turkish immigrants densely settled, as the subject of inquiry, I examined the larger socio-economic and political processes in which their experiences embedded. Urban immigrant neighborhoods are places where citizenship is constituted in a complex articulation of host country’s policies on immigrant incorporation and immigrants strategies to negotiate their identity and maintain their concrete social processes of everyday life. In other words, they are the places that state’s hegemonic agendas and immigrants’ concrete agendas intersect. In these areas, several integration, care and welfare projects of host society have been intensified and immigrant self-organizations or their branches try to gain support and mobilize their grassroots. Furthermore, as the immigrant neighborhoods are the space of informal and everyday activities and interaction for many women, they are particularly important in terms of women’s participation. Immigrant women are typical users of the neighborhoods and its “institutions”. Neigborhood level is a both “context of construction and activation for immigrant women’s citizenship. In the case of neighborhood level policies and institutions for immigrant women, I argue that citizenship is also constructed in the face-to-face interactions both between immigrants and local level representatives of institutional complex and among immigrants themselves.
In this research project, I tried to examine the gendered dimension of civic participation in Turkish-Dutch transnational context. I used gender and ethnicity as key analytic categories, interacting with social and political structures and discourse on immigrants in general, shaping participation, incorporation and citizenship patterns. Using some methodological suggestions of women’s standpoint theories and based on a fieldwork placing Turkish immigrant women’s “experiences” in two clusters of immigrant neighborhoods located in the east and west parts of the Amsterdam that Turkish immigrants densely settled, as the subject of inquiry, I examined the larger socio-economic and political processes in which their experiences embedded. Urban immigrant neighborhoods are places where citizenship is constituted in a complex articulation of host country’s policies on immigrant incorporation and immigrants strategies to negotiate their identity and maintain their concrete social processes of everyday life. In other words, they are the places that state’s hegemonic agendas and immigrants’ concrete agendas intersect. In these areas, several integration, care and welfare projects of host society have been intensified and immigrant self-organizations or their branches try to gain support and mobilize their grassroots. Furthermore, as the immigrant neighborhoods are the space of informal and everyday activities and interaction for many women, they are particularly important in terms of women’s participation. Immigrant women are typical users of the neighborhoods and its “institutions”. Neigborhood level is a both “context of construction and activation for immigrant women’s citizenship. In the case of neighborhood level policies and institutions for immigrant women, I argue that citizenship is also constructed in the face-to-face interactions both between immigrants and local level representatives of institutional complex and among immigrants themselves.