Publication: An intergenerational comparative study of maternal attitudes : Istanbul and Western Europe
Abstract
Sanayileşme sonrasında tarımın makineleşmesi, modernleşmesi ve teknolojinin gelişmesi kırsalda yaşayan ve tarım yapan ailerleri etkilemiştir. Sanayileşme kentlerde iş gücü ihtiyacını artırmış nüfusun kırsaldan kente göçüne sebep olmuştur. Bu göç yalnızca iç göç değil dış göçle de sonuçlanabilmektedir. Özellikle 1950’lerde göçler artış göstermiş, kırsalda yaşayan bazı aileler İstanbul gibi büyük şehirlere, bazılarıysa Avrupa’daki işçi ihtiyacını karşılamak ve ekonomik olarak kazanç sağlamak için Avrupa’ya göç etmiştir. Bu yoğun göçlerden en çok etkilenen yapı ailedir. Sanayileşme sonrası toplumda meydana gelen değişimler aileyi doğrudan etkilemektedir. Ailenin yapısında gelenekselden moderne doğru bir değişim başlamış, süreç içerisinde çocuk sayılarında azalma, kadının iş hayatına katılımı, ev içi rollerin ve görevlerin ortak paylaşımı gibi konularda değişim meydana gelmiştir. Aile içi rollerin değişimi ve özellikle kadının iş hayatına katılımı ebeveyn tutumlarında değişim meydana getirebilmektedir. Toplumsal olaylar ve yaşanan deneyimler bireylerin tutumlarını etkilemektedir. Tutumlar dönemsel olarak farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Bu sebepten bu çalışamada, X ve Y ebeveynlerin ebeveynlik tutumlarında bir farklılık olup olmadığını ölçmek için Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği (ETÖ) kullanılarak anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, ETÖ Batı Avrupa’da yaşayan Türk annelere ve Türkiye’de yaşayan Türk annelere uygulanmıştır. İki farklı lokasyonda ve kuşaklararası çalışma yapılarak deneyim farklılıklarının ve jenerasyonların tutumları etkileyip etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir.
After industrialization, the mechanization and modernization of agriculture and the development of technology affected the families living and farming in rural areas. Industrialization increased the need for labor in cities and caused the migration of the population from rural to urban areas. This migration can result not only in domestic migration but also in international migration. Especially in the 1950s, migration increased, some families living in rural areas migrated to big cities such as Istanbul, and some migrated to Europe to meet the need for workers in Europe and to gain economic profit. The structure most affected by these intense migrations is the family. The changes occurring in society after industrialization directly affect the family. A change has begun in the structure of the family from traditional to modern, and in the process, changes have occurred in issues such as a decrease in the number of children, women's participation in business life, and common sharing of domestic roles and duties. The change in family roles and especially women's participation in business life can cause changes in parental attitudes. Social events and experiences affect individuals' attitudes. Attitudes may differ from time to time. For this reason, in this study, a survey was conducted using the Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) to measure whether there was a difference in the parenting attitudes of X and Y parents. In the study, PAS was applied to Turkish mothers living in Western Europe and Turkish mothers living in Türkiye. By conducting an intergenerational study in two different locations, it was determined whether differences in experience and generations affected attitudes.
After industrialization, the mechanization and modernization of agriculture and the development of technology affected the families living and farming in rural areas. Industrialization increased the need for labor in cities and caused the migration of the population from rural to urban areas. This migration can result not only in domestic migration but also in international migration. Especially in the 1950s, migration increased, some families living in rural areas migrated to big cities such as Istanbul, and some migrated to Europe to meet the need for workers in Europe and to gain economic profit. The structure most affected by these intense migrations is the family. The changes occurring in society after industrialization directly affect the family. A change has begun in the structure of the family from traditional to modern, and in the process, changes have occurred in issues such as a decrease in the number of children, women's participation in business life, and common sharing of domestic roles and duties. The change in family roles and especially women's participation in business life can cause changes in parental attitudes. Social events and experiences affect individuals' attitudes. Attitudes may differ from time to time. For this reason, in this study, a survey was conducted using the Parental Attitude Scale (PAS) to measure whether there was a difference in the parenting attitudes of X and Y parents. In the study, PAS was applied to Turkish mothers living in Western Europe and Turkish mothers living in Türkiye. By conducting an intergenerational study in two different locations, it was determined whether differences in experience and generations affected attitudes.