Publication: Tanzimat'ın öncü yazarlarında değişen fikirler (adalet-aile-din-eğitim)
Abstract
Tanzimat’ın Öncü Yazarlarında Değişen Fikirler (Adalet-Aile-Din-Eğitim) adlı çalışmada XIX. asırdan itibaren Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda modernleşme çabalarına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan ve sonradan bu çabalara eserleriyle yön vererek toplum üzerinde etkili olan Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Paşa ve Ahmet Midhat’ın düşüncelerine odaklanıldı. Altı bölümden oluşan tezin I. ve II. bölümünde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndaki gerilemeye çözüm arayışları ve modernleşme çabaları kronolojik bir sırada incelenerek devletin hem içeride hem de dışarıda değişen şartları ortaya koyuldu. III, IV, V ve VI. bölümlerde ise yeni fikirlerin eskinin yerini ne ölçüde aldığının anlaşılabilmesi için XIX. asra kadar devlette ve toplum hayatında her yönden belirleyici olan Türk-İslâm kültüründe adalet, din, eğitim ve ailenin yapısı kısaca ele alınarak Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Paşa ve Ahmet Midhat’ın bu konudaki fikirleri tespit edilip gelenek ve yenilik bağlamında yorumlandı. Bugünkü medeniyetimiz birbirini etkileyen ve birbirine eklenen birçok fikrin neticesidir. Hangi düşüncelerin ilk olarak kim tarafından ortaya atıldığı, sonraki nesillerin bu düşünceleri ne şekilde değiştirdiği veya biçimlendirdiği medeniyetimizin bütünlüklü bir biçimde anlaşılabilmesi için büyük önem arz eder. Bu tezin amacı Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Paşa ve Ahmet Midhat’a fikrî bir perspektiften bakarak bu yolla Türk edebî, toplum ve düşünce hayatının anlaşılmasına katkı sunmaktır. Bu hedefe ulaşmak için söz konusu edebiyatçıların edebî eserlerine, gazete yazılarına ve mektuplarına yansıyan adalet, aile, din ve eğitim hakkındaki fikirleri üzerinde duruldu. Eserler seçilirken ele alınan fikirleri genel ve işlevsel bir şekilde yansıtması esas alındı. Bu fikirlerin kaynaklarına da gidilmeye çalışılarak edebiyat sosyolojisinden, modernleşme tarihinden ve tarihsel eleştiri kuramından yararlanıldı. İncelenen şair ve yazarların hayatıyla ilgili bilgilere onların fikirleri üzerinde etkili olduğu ölçüde yer verildi. Edebiyat Türk modernleşmesinden hem etkilenmiş hem de onu yönlendirici bir rol oynamıştır. Sözü edilen şair ve yazarların eserlerinde, birçoğu modernleşmeyle ilgili olan meselelere bakışlarının tarihsel süreç içinde ve mukayeseli değerlendirildiğinde ortaya anlamlı bir tablo çıkardığı kanaatindeyiz. Modernleşme, Eğitim, Hukuk, Din, Aile, Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Paşa, Ahmet Midhat.
In this study named “The Changing Ideas of the Leading Writers of the Tanzimat” (Justice-Family-Religion-Education) it is focused on the thoughts of Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha and Ahmet Midhat, which emerged as a result of the modernization efforts in the Ottoman Empire since the 19th century and which subsequently influenced these efforts with their works and affected the society. In the thesis, which consists of six chapters, the search for solutions to the decline in the Ottoman Empire and the modernization efforts are examined in chronological order, and the changing conditions of the state both inside and outside are revealed in the first and seconds chapters. In the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth chapters to understand to what extent the new ideas replaced the old ones the structure of justice, religion, education and family in Turkish-Islamic culture, which had been determinant in every aspect of state and social life until the 19th century are briefly discussed and the ideas of Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha and Ahmet Midhat on this subject are determined and interpreted in the context of tradition and innovation. Our civilization of today is the result of many ideas that affect and add to each other. It is of great importance for an holistic understanding of our civilization that which ideas were first put forward by whom and how subsequent generations changed or shaped these ideas. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of Turkish literary, social and intellectual life by examining Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha and Ahmet Midhat from an intellectual perspective. In order to achieve this goal, the ideas of these writers about education, justice, religion and family, which were reflected in their literary works, newspaper articles and lettersare dwelled on. While choosing the works, it was taken as a basis that they would reflect the ideas discussed in a general and functional way. By endeavoring to reach the sources of these ideas, sociology of literature, the history of modernization and historical criticism theory are used as well. Information about the life of the poets and writers examined is included to the extent that it was effective on their ideas. Literature has been influenced by Turkish modernization and also it has played a leading role in it. We are of the opinion that the views of the poets and writers, most of which are related to modernization, constitute a meaningful picture in their works; when evaluated in the historical process and comparatively. Modernization, Education, Law, Religion, Family, Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha, Ahmet Midhat
In this study named “The Changing Ideas of the Leading Writers of the Tanzimat” (Justice-Family-Religion-Education) it is focused on the thoughts of Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha and Ahmet Midhat, which emerged as a result of the modernization efforts in the Ottoman Empire since the 19th century and which subsequently influenced these efforts with their works and affected the society. In the thesis, which consists of six chapters, the search for solutions to the decline in the Ottoman Empire and the modernization efforts are examined in chronological order, and the changing conditions of the state both inside and outside are revealed in the first and seconds chapters. In the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth chapters to understand to what extent the new ideas replaced the old ones the structure of justice, religion, education and family in Turkish-Islamic culture, which had been determinant in every aspect of state and social life until the 19th century are briefly discussed and the ideas of Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha and Ahmet Midhat on this subject are determined and interpreted in the context of tradition and innovation. Our civilization of today is the result of many ideas that affect and add to each other. It is of great importance for an holistic understanding of our civilization that which ideas were first put forward by whom and how subsequent generations changed or shaped these ideas. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of Turkish literary, social and intellectual life by examining Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha and Ahmet Midhat from an intellectual perspective. In order to achieve this goal, the ideas of these writers about education, justice, religion and family, which were reflected in their literary works, newspaper articles and lettersare dwelled on. While choosing the works, it was taken as a basis that they would reflect the ideas discussed in a general and functional way. By endeavoring to reach the sources of these ideas, sociology of literature, the history of modernization and historical criticism theory are used as well. Information about the life of the poets and writers examined is included to the extent that it was effective on their ideas. Literature has been influenced by Turkish modernization and also it has played a leading role in it. We are of the opinion that the views of the poets and writers, most of which are related to modernization, constitute a meaningful picture in their works; when evaluated in the historical process and comparatively. Modernization, Education, Law, Religion, Family, Şinasi, Namık Kemal, Ziya Pasha, Ahmet Midhat