Publication: İsâmüddin el-İsferâyînî’de vaz‘ düşüncesi : Sâmüddin el-İsferâyînî’de vaz‘ düşüncesi
Abstract
Lafzın anlama delâletini mümkün kılan vaz‘ olgusu, tarihsel süreç içerisinde nahiv, belâgat, mantık ve fıkıh usulü gibi ilimlerde farklı düzeylerde incelenmiş ve bu alanların ortak meselelerinden biri hâline gelmiştir. Hicrî sekizinci asra kadar vaz‘ olgusuna dair tartışmalar, çoğunlukla mezkûr disiplinlerin bünyesinde dağınık bir şekilde ele alınmışken, Adudüddîn el-Îcî’nin er-Risâletü’l-vazʿiyye adlı eseriyle birlikte bu olgu ve etrafında kümelenen meseleler ilk defa sistematik biçimde müstakil olarak derlenmiş ve böylece bağımsız bir vaz‘ literatürünün teşekkülüne zemin hazırlanmıştır. Akabinde, özellikle söz konusu risale üzerine kaleme alınan şerhler sayesinde vaz‘ meselesi yalnızca belirli ilim dallarında ele alınan tali bir konu olmaktan çıkarak, kendi iç tutarlılığı ve mesele yapısıyla dikkat çeken bağımsız bir literatür hüviyeti kazanmıştır. Vazʿ literatürünün teşekkül ve tekâmül sürecinde öne çıkan ilk şârihlerden biri, müstakil yaklaşımı ve özgün katkılarıyla dikkat çeken İsâmüddîn el-İsferâyînî (ö. 951/ 1544)’dir. Bu tezde, onun vazʿ düşüncesi; beslendiği kaynaklar, literatürdeki konumu ile meselelere yaklaşım tarzı dikkate alınarak ele alınmış, benimsediği görüşlerle önceki anlayışlardan ayrıldığı ya da onlarla örtüştüğü noktalar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda üç bölüm hâlinde tasarlanan tezin ilk bölümünde, İsâmüddîn öncesi vazʿ literatürünün kendisine kadarki gelişim seyri, özellikle literatür düzeyinde tespit edilmeye çalışılmış; böylece İsâmüddîn’in vazʿ düşüncesini besleyen kaynaklar dolaylı olarak belirlenmiştir. Tezin ikinci bölümünde, İsâmüddîn’in vazʿın teorik boyutuna ilişkin görüşleri ele alınmış ve bu görüşler kendisinden önceki müelliflerin görüşleriyle karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Son bölüm olan üçüncü bölümde ise, vazʿın pratik yönünü oluşturan lafız ve anlam gruplarının vazʿı ile bunlara dair taksimlere ilişkin İsâmüddîn’in değerlendirmeleri tahlil edilerek onun vazʿ anlayışı somut örnekler üzerinden ortaya konulmuştur.
The phenomenon of waḍʿ (linguistic designation), which enables the correlation between a word (lafẓ) and its meaning, has been examined at various levels throughout history in disciplines such as grammar (naḥw), rhetoric (balāgha), logic, and legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh), eventually becoming a shared topic among these fields. Until the 8th century AH, discussions on waḍʿ were typically dispersed across the aforementioned disciplines. However, with the composition of al-Risāla al-waḍʿiyya by ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī, issues related to this phenomenon were, for the first time, systematically compiled in an independent treatise. This marked the beginning of a distinct waḍʿ literature. Subsequently, especially through the commentaries written on al-Ījī’s treatise, the topic of waḍʿ transcended its former status as a subsidiary issue within certain disciplines and began to be treated as an autonomous body of literature, characterized by its own internal consistency and set of issues. One of the prominent early commentators in the formation and development of waḍʿ literature is Isām al-Dīn al-Isfarāyinī, who stands out with his distinctive approach and original contributions. This dissertation examines al-Isfarāyinī’s theory of waḍʿ by considering the sources that influenced him, his position within the broader waḍʿ literature, and his methodological approach to key issues. It seeks to identify the points at which his views diverge from or align with previous conceptualizations. Accordingly, the dissertation is structured in three chapters. The first chapter explores the historical development of waḍʿ literature prior to Isām al-Dīn, primarily by identifying relevant works within the tradition and thereby indirectly determining the intellectual sources that influenced him. The second chapter focuses on al-Isfarāyinī’s theoretical reflections on waḍʿ, offering a comparative analysis of his views in relation to those of his predecessors. The third and final chapter analyzes his evaluation of the designation of different lexical and semantic categories and their classifications, thereby presenting his theory of waḍʿ through concrete examples that reflect its practical dimension.
The phenomenon of waḍʿ (linguistic designation), which enables the correlation between a word (lafẓ) and its meaning, has been examined at various levels throughout history in disciplines such as grammar (naḥw), rhetoric (balāgha), logic, and legal theory (uṣūl al-fiqh), eventually becoming a shared topic among these fields. Until the 8th century AH, discussions on waḍʿ were typically dispersed across the aforementioned disciplines. However, with the composition of al-Risāla al-waḍʿiyya by ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī, issues related to this phenomenon were, for the first time, systematically compiled in an independent treatise. This marked the beginning of a distinct waḍʿ literature. Subsequently, especially through the commentaries written on al-Ījī’s treatise, the topic of waḍʿ transcended its former status as a subsidiary issue within certain disciplines and began to be treated as an autonomous body of literature, characterized by its own internal consistency and set of issues. One of the prominent early commentators in the formation and development of waḍʿ literature is Isām al-Dīn al-Isfarāyinī, who stands out with his distinctive approach and original contributions. This dissertation examines al-Isfarāyinī’s theory of waḍʿ by considering the sources that influenced him, his position within the broader waḍʿ literature, and his methodological approach to key issues. It seeks to identify the points at which his views diverge from or align with previous conceptualizations. Accordingly, the dissertation is structured in three chapters. The first chapter explores the historical development of waḍʿ literature prior to Isām al-Dīn, primarily by identifying relevant works within the tradition and thereby indirectly determining the intellectual sources that influenced him. The second chapter focuses on al-Isfarāyinī’s theoretical reflections on waḍʿ, offering a comparative analysis of his views in relation to those of his predecessors. The third and final chapter analyzes his evaluation of the designation of different lexical and semantic categories and their classifications, thereby presenting his theory of waḍʿ through concrete examples that reflect its practical dimension.