Publication: Uygur yazmalarında sayfa düzeni
Abstract
8- 11. yüzyıllarda Asya topraklarında, yüzyıllar boyu sürecek ve sayısız el yazmasının bezeli sayfalarına yön verecek bir üslûp doğar. Bu üslûp, Doğu Türkistan’daki sanatkâr Uygurların inandıkları Maniheist dininin öğretilerinin yer aldığı kitaplarda şekillenir. Sanatkârlar, yazma eserleri şüphesiz inandıkları dinlerini yaymak ve daha cazip hale getirebilmek için süslediler. Onlar, savaşı yasaklayan dinlerinin öğretilerini anlatmanın en güzel yolunu buldular. Uygurların, Kara Balgasun, Beş Balıg, Karaşar, Kara Hoça, Turfan, Kaşgar gibi birçok şehirde yerleşik düzenle kurdukları medeniyetin önemli bir göstergesi olan bu el yazmaları, günümüze arkeolog A.Von Le Coq’un yapmış olduğu kazılar sayesinde ulaşmıştır. Uygur sanatı, Türk sanatının erken dönemini temsil etmesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Tezimiz; 8- 11. yüzyıllara ait olduğu düşünülen Maniheist Uygur el yazmalarından otuz yedi eseri kapsar. Bu eserlerin, sayfa tasarımları, desen kurguları, renk ve motif analizlerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmış ve dönemin üslûp özellikleri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Amacımız, Türk kitap sanatının sonraki dönemleri için önemli bir tasarım kaynağı olduğunu düşündüğümüz ve bu güne kadar dağınık, farklı dillerde ele alınmış olan Uygur yazmalarının hangi sayfa düzeninde tasarlandıklarını ortaya koymak ve bu sahada yapılacak yeni çalışmalara destek vermektir.
In the 8th and 11th centuries, in the territory of Asia, a new style is born that will last hundreds of years and influence numerous manuscprits for over a thousand years. This style takes shape in books that are the teachings of Maniheist religion belived by the Uygur craftsmen in the Eastern Turkistan. These craftsmen, without a doubt, to spread their religion and to make it more atractive, adorened their writing works. These manuscripts, that are an important indicator of the civilization established by the Uygurs in a lot of cities like Kara Balgasun, Bes Balig, Karasar, Kara Hoca, Turfan, Kasgar, have reached today by the excavations of archaeologist A. Von Le Coq. Uygur art is very important because it represents the early period of the Turkish art. Our thesis consists of thirty seven of the Maniheist Uygur manuscript that are thought to belong to the 8th and 11th centuries. Page design, editing, color and motif analysis and evaluation of these works were made and the styles of the period were tried to be indentified. Our goal is to show which page layout design was used by the Uygur manuscripts which until today were scattered and in different languages and are considered to be an important source of design for the later periods of Turkish book art and to support new studies in this area.
In the 8th and 11th centuries, in the territory of Asia, a new style is born that will last hundreds of years and influence numerous manuscprits for over a thousand years. This style takes shape in books that are the teachings of Maniheist religion belived by the Uygur craftsmen in the Eastern Turkistan. These craftsmen, without a doubt, to spread their religion and to make it more atractive, adorened their writing works. These manuscripts, that are an important indicator of the civilization established by the Uygurs in a lot of cities like Kara Balgasun, Bes Balig, Karasar, Kara Hoca, Turfan, Kasgar, have reached today by the excavations of archaeologist A. Von Le Coq. Uygur art is very important because it represents the early period of the Turkish art. Our thesis consists of thirty seven of the Maniheist Uygur manuscript that are thought to belong to the 8th and 11th centuries. Page design, editing, color and motif analysis and evaluation of these works were made and the styles of the period were tried to be indentified. Our goal is to show which page layout design was used by the Uygur manuscripts which until today were scattered and in different languages and are considered to be an important source of design for the later periods of Turkish book art and to support new studies in this area.