Publication: Abbaskulu Bakühanlı ve ahlak düşüncesi
Abstract
ABBASKULU BAKÜHANLI VE AHLÂK DÜŞÜNCESİ XIX. yüzyılda Azerbaycan, etkileri günümüze kadar uzanan büyük siyasî ve kültürel değişikliklere maruz kalmış; Rusya’nın siyasî egemenliği altına giren coğrafya insanının, bir taraftan İran ve Osmanlı gibi kültürel bağları bulunan devletlerle ilişkileri zayıflamış, diğer taraftan ise Batı’da ortaya çıkan yeni fikirlerle tanışma dönemi başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Azerbaycan’daki gelenekçiler ve yenilikçiler arasında kilit isim olarak nitelendirilen Abbaskulu Bakühanlı (1794–1846)’nın eserlerinden hareketle dönemin ahlâk anlayışı incelenmiştir. Düşünürün ahlâk görüşünün daha iyi değerlendirilebilmesi için, bölgedeki siyasî ve kültürel gelişmeler ana hatlarıyla bahis mevzuu edilmiş; yazarın hayatı, şahsiyeti ve eserleri hakkında kapsamlı bilgi verilmiştir. Rusya ordusunda albaylığa kadar terfi eden; Rusya, İran ve Osmanlı devletlerinin çeşitli madalyalarını alan Bakühanlı, tarih, coğrafya, astronomi, mantık, dilbilim, felsefe ve tasavvuf gibi farklı konulara dair eserler kaleme almanın yanı sıra, döneminin önemli eğitimcilerinden ve şairlerinden biri olmuştur. Çalışmamızda, Tehzîb-i Ahlâk isimli en önemli felsefî eserinin Farsça tahkikli metnini verdiğimiz Bakühanlı, toplumun sahip olduğu âdet, taklit ve ilim anlayışlarını eleştirmiş, çeşitli kültürlere sahip insanları kucaklayan dinamik bir ahlâk görüşü ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır.
ABBASKULU BAKIKHANLI AND HIS ETHICAL THOUGHT Azerbaijan was exposed to great political and cultural changes in 19th century which their influences endure to present time. Russian State became the political predominant in this region and, at the first hand, inhabitants of the area were in weak relations with Iran and Ottoman States which had been connected with cultural ties. In the other side, they began to be familier to new ideas and thoughts that appeared in the West. In this thesis, we studied the ethic thought of the period through Abbaskulu Bakikhanlı’s (1794–1846) works who is charachterized as a key person between traditionalists and modernists in Azerbaijan. To reach to more proper evaluation of the ethic thoughts of the thinker it is indicated to political and cultural progresses of the region in its main lines and is given comprehensive information about author’s life and personality and works with details. Bakikhanli was promoted to colonel in Russian army and got different rewards from Russian, Iran and Ottoman Satates. Besides this, he wrote various treatise and books on history, geography, astronomy, logic, language, philosophy, sufiszm and was one of the eminent educationalists and poets of his period. Our thesis includes the edited Persian-language text of Bakikhanlı’s most important work on philosophy titled Tahdhib-i Ahlak. In this work, he creticised the costom, imitation and thought of science of the community and tried to present a thought of dinamyc ethic that can embrace persons from different cultures.
ABBASKULU BAKIKHANLI AND HIS ETHICAL THOUGHT Azerbaijan was exposed to great political and cultural changes in 19th century which their influences endure to present time. Russian State became the political predominant in this region and, at the first hand, inhabitants of the area were in weak relations with Iran and Ottoman States which had been connected with cultural ties. In the other side, they began to be familier to new ideas and thoughts that appeared in the West. In this thesis, we studied the ethic thought of the period through Abbaskulu Bakikhanlı’s (1794–1846) works who is charachterized as a key person between traditionalists and modernists in Azerbaijan. To reach to more proper evaluation of the ethic thoughts of the thinker it is indicated to political and cultural progresses of the region in its main lines and is given comprehensive information about author’s life and personality and works with details. Bakikhanli was promoted to colonel in Russian army and got different rewards from Russian, Iran and Ottoman Satates. Besides this, he wrote various treatise and books on history, geography, astronomy, logic, language, philosophy, sufiszm and was one of the eminent educationalists and poets of his period. Our thesis includes the edited Persian-language text of Bakikhanlı’s most important work on philosophy titled Tahdhib-i Ahlak. In this work, he creticised the costom, imitation and thought of science of the community and tried to present a thought of dinamyc ethic that can embrace persons from different cultures.