Publication: İslam hukukunda nezir ve adak
Abstract
İSLAM HUKUKUNDA NEZİR VE ADAK İslam Dini'nin uygulamaya yönelik hükümlerini inceleyen fıkhın/ İslam hukukunun, üç ana konusundan biri ibadetlerdir. İbadetlerin belirlenmesinde ilke olarak insanların müdahalesi söz konusu olmayıp emredilene uymak ve itaatini göstermek asıldır. Öte yandan insanlar, tarih boyunca Allah ile ilişkilerinde çeşitli sebeplerle adağa/ nezir'e başvurmakta ve hemen hemen bütün dinlerde olduğu gibi İslam Dini'nde de nezir konusuna yer verilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile, insanın kendiliğinden ortaya koyduğu bu tasarrufun İslam Dini'ndeki yeri ve bağlayıcı olup olmadığı ele alınarak yapılan nezirlerin hangi şekilde yerine getirileceği incelenmiştir. İlâhî temele dayanan İslam dininde, nezir'in tamamen reddedilmediği ancak dinde mevcut olan ibadet anlayışı doğrultusunda bir çerçeveye sokulduğu görülmüştür. Yapılan nezirler, temel ibadetlere tabi olacak ve dinin belirlediği ibadet çerçevesi dışına taşan uygulamalar kabul görmeyecektir. Olumsuz unsurlar içermeyen nezirlerin yerine getirilmesi gerek dini emirler gerekse ahde vefa ilkesi açısından gereklidir. Bu gereklilik, hüküm dereceleri bakımından farz veya vacib kavramıyla ifade edilmektedir.
VOTIVE OFFERING IN ISLAMIC LAW One of major tree topics of fikh/ Islamic Law, which deals with the sentences oriented towards practice, is Ibâdât (worships). Principally there is no interference of human at the designation of worships; complying with orders and showing his/ her obedience are essential. Meanwhile human beings have vowed in their relations with their God/ Allah along history and like other religions Islam has given a place to the subject of votive offering. In this study, the place of the subject of votive offering which is at the disposal of human being, whether it is a binding matter or not and how a vow should be performed in Islam, were elaborated. It is seen that in Islam as a divine religion, votive offering was not totally rejected but framed according to its conception of worship. So, vows were made dependent on basic worships and those go beyond the pre-determined frames were not approved. Performing of votive offerings which do not include negative elements is requested both by the religious commands and the principle of being true to ones promise. This necessity was expressed in point of degrees of decision (hukm) as fard or vacip depending on certain cases.
VOTIVE OFFERING IN ISLAMIC LAW One of major tree topics of fikh/ Islamic Law, which deals with the sentences oriented towards practice, is Ibâdât (worships). Principally there is no interference of human at the designation of worships; complying with orders and showing his/ her obedience are essential. Meanwhile human beings have vowed in their relations with their God/ Allah along history and like other religions Islam has given a place to the subject of votive offering. In this study, the place of the subject of votive offering which is at the disposal of human being, whether it is a binding matter or not and how a vow should be performed in Islam, were elaborated. It is seen that in Islam as a divine religion, votive offering was not totally rejected but framed according to its conception of worship. So, vows were made dependent on basic worships and those go beyond the pre-determined frames were not approved. Performing of votive offerings which do not include negative elements is requested both by the religious commands and the principle of being true to ones promise. This necessity was expressed in point of degrees of decision (hukm) as fard or vacip depending on certain cases.