Publication: İbn-İ Haldun ve coğrafyacılığı
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, İbn-i Haldun’un geliştirdiği yedi iklim teorisinden yola çıkılarak, coğrafyanın insan ve toplum faaliyetlerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Tarih felsefesinin kurucusu ve sosyolojinin öncüsü kabul edilen İbn-i Haldun coğrafyanın, iklimin ve sıcaklığın, insanın hem bedenine hem de ruhsal yapısına etki ettiğini düşünmüştür. Bu nedenle ünlü coğrafyacıların yaptığı gibi dünyayı güneyden kuzeye doğru yedi iklime bölmüş; bu bölgelerde yaşayan toplumları incelemiş; daha sonra iklimin hava sıcaklığının insanın faaliyetlerine etkisini araştırmıştır. Araştırmaları neticesinde, yedi iklim bölgesinden bazılarının (3. 4. 5. İklim bölgeleri), insan yaşamına daha müsait olduğunu, büyük medeniyetlerin bu bölgelerde kurulduğunu, din, bilim, sanat ve kültürün bu coğrafyada geliştiği sonucuna varmıştır. Bu bölgelerin fiziki koşullarını incelerken; iklimini de incelemiş ve sıcaklığın insan yaşamı üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğunu görmüştür. Çalışmamızda, temel kaynak İbn Haldun’un Mukaddimesi’dir. Mukaddime’de yazdıklarından yola çıkarak coğrafyanın etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmamız üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, İbn Haldun’un hayatı, eserleri ve etkileri incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde, coğrafyanın tarihte gelişimi; diğer teorilerle (sosyoloji, tarih ve iktisat) ilişkisi incelenmiş; eleştirisi, sınırları ve gücü tartışılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, İbn Haldun’un toplumu ve devleti canlı bir organizmaya benzettiği görüşü “organizmacılık”; coğrafyacılığı, yedi iklim teorisi açıklanmış; coğrafyanın milletlerin gelişimine, insan faaliyetlerine etkileri incelenmiş; son olarak İbn Haldun’un diğer coğrafyacılarla karşılaştırması yapılarak, coğrafya ile ilgili verdiği bilgilere getirilen eleştiriler açıklanmıştır. Anahtar sözcükler: insan, coğrafya, iklim, İbn-i Haldun
‘Ibn Khaldun and His Specialty in Geography’ In this research, the effects of geography investigates on human and social activities were evaluated on the basis of the seven climate theory developed by Ibn-i Khaldun. The Pioneer and the founder of the philosophy of history and sociology Ibn-i Khaldun; had considered that the geography, climate and temperature impact on structure of the body and people thoughts as well. Therefore, like the world-famous geographers divided from south to north seven climate, communities living in these areas examined, and then investigated the effect of human activities, climate, air temperature. Considering the his findings; he had concluded that some of the climate regions (3,4,5. Climate zones) are more amenable to human life, the great civilizations were established, religion, art and culture were developed in these regions. When examining the physical conditions of these regions, the climate is also examined and seen the negative effects of temperature on human life. In this study, the main source is Ibn Khaldun’s Mukaddimesi. Based on the writings of Mukaddime the effects of geographic region were studied. The study consists of three parts. In the first chapter, Ibn Khaldun's life, works and influence. In the second part, the development of geography, history, other theories (sociology, history and economics) examined the relationship; criticism, boundaries and power are discussed. In the third theory, Ibn Khaldun’s opinion on society, theory of how a nation is like a living organism and seven climate theory were explained. The effects of geography in the development of nations and human activities were examined At least, comparing the other geographers with Ibn Khaldun, the knowledge on this subject were discussed. Key words: climate, human, geography, Ibn Khaldun
‘Ibn Khaldun and His Specialty in Geography’ In this research, the effects of geography investigates on human and social activities were evaluated on the basis of the seven climate theory developed by Ibn-i Khaldun. The Pioneer and the founder of the philosophy of history and sociology Ibn-i Khaldun; had considered that the geography, climate and temperature impact on structure of the body and people thoughts as well. Therefore, like the world-famous geographers divided from south to north seven climate, communities living in these areas examined, and then investigated the effect of human activities, climate, air temperature. Considering the his findings; he had concluded that some of the climate regions (3,4,5. Climate zones) are more amenable to human life, the great civilizations were established, religion, art and culture were developed in these regions. When examining the physical conditions of these regions, the climate is also examined and seen the negative effects of temperature on human life. In this study, the main source is Ibn Khaldun’s Mukaddimesi. Based on the writings of Mukaddime the effects of geographic region were studied. The study consists of three parts. In the first chapter, Ibn Khaldun's life, works and influence. In the second part, the development of geography, history, other theories (sociology, history and economics) examined the relationship; criticism, boundaries and power are discussed. In the third theory, Ibn Khaldun’s opinion on society, theory of how a nation is like a living organism and seven climate theory were explained. The effects of geography in the development of nations and human activities were examined At least, comparing the other geographers with Ibn Khaldun, the knowledge on this subject were discussed. Key words: climate, human, geography, Ibn Khaldun
