E-scooter micro-mobility application for postal service: the case of turkey for energy, environment, and economy perspectives

Abstract

In this research, the advantages of the e-scooter tool used in the mail or package delivery process were discussed by considering the Turkish Post Office (PTT) data in the districts of Istanbul (Kadikoy, uskudar, Kartal, and Maltepe) in Turkey. The optimization Poisson regression model was utilized to deliver the maximum number of packages or mails with minimum cost and the shortest time in terms of energy consumption, cost, and environmental contribution. Statistical and optimization results of dependent and independent variables were calculated using numerical and categorical features of 100 e-scooter drivers. The Poisson regression analysis determined that the e-scooter driver\"s gender (p|0.05 < 0.199) and age (p|0.05 < 0.679) factors were not effective on the dependent variable. We analysed that the experience in the profession (tenure), the size of the area responsible, and environmental factors is effective in the e-scooter distribution activity. The number of packages delivered was 234 in a day, and the delivery cost per package was calculated as 0.51 TL (Turkish Lira) for the optimum values of the dependent variables. The findings show that the choice of e-scooter vehicle in the mail or package delivery process is beneficial in terms of time, cost, energy, and environmental contribution in districts with higher population density. As the most important result, the operation of e-scooter vehicles with electrical energy shows that it is environmentally friendly and has no CO2 emission. The fact that the distribution of packages or mail should now turn to micro-mobility is emerging with the advantages of e-scooter vehicles in the mail and package delivery. Finally, this analysis aims to provide a model for integrating e-scooters in package or mail delivery to local authorities, especially in densely populated areas.