Publication: Farklı göç politikaları bağlamında ev hizmetlerinde çalışan kadınlar: Kanada ve Türkiye örneği
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, uluslararası emek göçü bağlamında ev işlerinde çalışan kadınlara yönelik Türkiye ve Kanada’nın farklı göç politikaları analiz edilmiştir. Göç deneyimi bakımından oldukça uzun bir geçmişe sahip olan Kanada’nın, ev işlerinde çalışan göçmen kadınlara yönelik özel bir göç bulunmaktadır. Mevcut programlar arasında en iyi örneklerden biri sayılan bu programa rağmen, ev işçisi kadınlar sömürüye açık ve kötü çalışma koşullarına sahiptir. Öte yandan, Türkiye’de ev işçisi göçmen kadınlar izinsiz göçün bir parçasıdır. Son yıllarda Türkiye’de de bu alanda yeni düzenlemeler yapılmaya başlamıştır. Her iki ülkenin birbirinden farklı göç politikaları olmasına rağmen, ev işçisi göçmen kadınların birbirine benzer koşullara sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, göçmen kadınların iş ve işveren değişmelerine olanak verilmediği dolayısıyla devlet eliyle kölelik benzeri koşullarda çalışmak zorunda bırakıldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Uluslararası Kadın Göçü, Emek Göçü, Göçmen Ev İşçileri, Göçmen Bakıcılar.
This study analyzes labour migration policies of Canada and Turkey on domestic women workers within the context of global labour movement. Canada as a country with a long history of labour migration has a specific program for domestic workers. Even though this program is accepted as one of the best examples in the world, it has many structural problems that leave the migrant workers vulnerable to exploitative work conditions. On the other hand, migrant domestic workers in Turkey are largely unregulated and considered to be a part of the undocumented migration. However, in recent years the Turkish government has made attempts to bring some regulations in this area. Our comparative study demonstrates that although the migration policies of both countries considerably differ from each other, migrant domestic workers face similar challenges. Most notably, the restrictions put on their mobility and right to change employers reveal a form of indentured labour facilitated by the governments. Key Words: International migration of women, labour migration, domestic migrant workers, migrant care givers.
This study analyzes labour migration policies of Canada and Turkey on domestic women workers within the context of global labour movement. Canada as a country with a long history of labour migration has a specific program for domestic workers. Even though this program is accepted as one of the best examples in the world, it has many structural problems that leave the migrant workers vulnerable to exploitative work conditions. On the other hand, migrant domestic workers in Turkey are largely unregulated and considered to be a part of the undocumented migration. However, in recent years the Turkish government has made attempts to bring some regulations in this area. Our comparative study demonstrates that although the migration policies of both countries considerably differ from each other, migrant domestic workers face similar challenges. Most notably, the restrictions put on their mobility and right to change employers reveal a form of indentured labour facilitated by the governments. Key Words: International migration of women, labour migration, domestic migrant workers, migrant care givers.