Publication: Sünnet verilerine göre Hz. Peygamber’in bedevileri toplumla bütünleştirme siyaseti
Abstract
Hz. Peygamber’in 23 yıllık peygamberlik süresince Yahudiler, Hıristiyanlar, Mecusiler ve diğer din mensûbu insanlarla dini siyasi münasebetlerinin olduğu tarihen sabit bir vakıadır. Allah Rasûlü’nün muhatab olduğu arap kabilelerinin çoğu bedevî kabilelerdir. Yaşadıkları çöl hayatının etkisiyle karşı çıkma, protesto etme, şiddet, kızkınlık, gazap ve kavkacılık duygusu, asabiyet ve kabilecilik ruhunun yoğun olduğu bedevî toplumların kendine has kültürleri vardır. Haşin kaba sert, ancak samimi ve dürüst olan, aklın değil, duygunun kontrolünde olan bu insanlarla iletişim kurmak, onları merkezi otoriteye tabi kılmak oldukça zordur. Şiddet ve güce boyun eğen bu kabileleri toplumla bütünleştirmek için Allah Rasûlü bir takım siyasetler geliştirmiştir. Araştırmanın birinci bölümünde “Sosyal Süreçler, Asabiyet, Câhiliye, Kabile, Bedâvet gibi kavramlar ele alınmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra İlkel Toplumlarda Bütünleşme” bölüm başlığı altında sosyal süreç konularından işbirliği, muhalefet, rekabet, çatışma, uyum süreci, bütünleşme süreçleri ve sosyal bütünleşme tipleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci bölümünde “Bedevîlerin Vasıfları, İnançları, Sosyal, İktisadi ve Kültürel Hayatları, Yönetim Şekilleri” bölüm başlığı altında bedevîlerin şeref anlayışları, olumlu ve olumsuz vasıfları, yeteneğe dayalı vasıfları; bedevîler arasındaki yaygın inançlar; göçebe kabilelerin yönetim anlayışları; bedevîlerin sosyal, iktisadi ve kültürel yaşamları incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın üçüncü bölümünde ise “Hz. Peygamber’in Bedevîleri İslâm Toplumuyla Bütünleştirme Siyaseti” bölüm başlığı altında bedevîlerin inanç ve ibadet alanlarında; âdâb-ı muâşeret ve toplumsal ilişkiler konularında İslâm toplumuyla bütünleştirmelerine yönelik takip edilen siyaset örneklerle ortaya konulmuştur. Ardından Hz. Peygamber’in bedevîleri İslâm toplumuyla bütünleştirilmesi için gönderilen seriyyelerin, mektupların ve elçilerin rolü anlatılmıştır.
It is an historical fact that during his prophethood phase of 23 years Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had some kinds of interrealtions as religious and political with Jews, Christians, Majusees and members of other religions. His direct addressees were mostly Arab beduin tribes. Influenced from their desert lifestyle, they had intense spirit of rivalry, protest and harshness, as well as vibrant feeling of anger, wrathfulness and agression, biassed tribalism, they had their own cultures. It was totally difficult to make touch with them and force them to central authority, who were of rude, severe and harsh but decent and sincire character and directed by feelings instead of good sense. And the Prophet developed several ways of policy to unify socially these people who subordinate themselves to only power and violence. The first chapter of this work deals with concepts such as social processes, tribalism, al-Jahiliya/ Ignorance, the tribe and bedounism. In addition to this, the capter named Unification in Primitive Societies focuses on collaboration, opposition, rivalry, conflict, adaptation process, unification processes and social unification types. The second chapter of the work is named Characters, Beliefs, Social economic and cultural life styles and Administration Type of Beduins. It deals with their understanding on honesty, positive and negative characters, their intellegence, their beliefs, administration understanding f nomadic tribes and social economic and cultural life styles. The third chapter is named Prophet’s unification policy of beduins in Moslem society. This chapter deals with patterns of the way followed to unify beduins in Moslem society in the area of the beliefs and worships, the manners and social connections. Subsequently, the roles of the ranks, epistles and delegates take their explanation, which the Prophet did to unify beduins in the Moslem society.
It is an historical fact that during his prophethood phase of 23 years Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had some kinds of interrealtions as religious and political with Jews, Christians, Majusees and members of other religions. His direct addressees were mostly Arab beduin tribes. Influenced from their desert lifestyle, they had intense spirit of rivalry, protest and harshness, as well as vibrant feeling of anger, wrathfulness and agression, biassed tribalism, they had their own cultures. It was totally difficult to make touch with them and force them to central authority, who were of rude, severe and harsh but decent and sincire character and directed by feelings instead of good sense. And the Prophet developed several ways of policy to unify socially these people who subordinate themselves to only power and violence. The first chapter of this work deals with concepts such as social processes, tribalism, al-Jahiliya/ Ignorance, the tribe and bedounism. In addition to this, the capter named Unification in Primitive Societies focuses on collaboration, opposition, rivalry, conflict, adaptation process, unification processes and social unification types. The second chapter of the work is named Characters, Beliefs, Social economic and cultural life styles and Administration Type of Beduins. It deals with their understanding on honesty, positive and negative characters, their intellegence, their beliefs, administration understanding f nomadic tribes and social economic and cultural life styles. The third chapter is named Prophet’s unification policy of beduins in Moslem society. This chapter deals with patterns of the way followed to unify beduins in Moslem society in the area of the beliefs and worships, the manners and social connections. Subsequently, the roles of the ranks, epistles and delegates take their explanation, which the Prophet did to unify beduins in the Moslem society.