Publication: Tarihi, Coğrafi ve Jeopolitik Yönleriyle Kıbrıs Adası’nda Havayolu Ulaşımının Analizi
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Kıbrıs Adası, Doğu Akdeniz’de jeopolitik, stratejik, ekonomik ve ulaşım açısından geçmişten günümüze önemini korumuştur. Havayolu
ulaşım araçlarının geliştirilmesi ve okyanus aşırı faaliyetlere başlamasına kadar adanın tek ulaşım kaynağı denizyolu olmuştur. Kıbrıs bu
açıdan yerleşmenin başladığı dönemlerden itibaren denizyolu ulaşımında bir üst olarak kullanılmıştır. Ada, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
döneminde Akdeniz ticaret ağının kontrol edilmesindeki stratejik öneminden dolayı büyük mücadelelere sahne olmuştur. Uzun bir
dönem savaşın yaşanmadığı ada, Süveyş Kanalı’nın açılmasıyla tekrar küresel mücadelenin merkezi haline gelmiştir. Birçok devletin
hakimiyet altına almak için Osmanlı ile mücadelelere girdiği ada, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında İngilizlerin kontrolüne geçmiştir. 1960 yılına
kadar İngilizlerin kontrolünde kalan adada bir havalimanı (Lefkoşa, 1939) inşa edilmiştir. Özellikle II. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında hava
saldırılarına maruz kalmasından dolayı günümüzdeki Ercan havalimanının temeli olan RAF Tymbou (1945) havaalanı inşa edilmiştir.
Daha sonra adaya Larnaka, Baf ve Geçitkale Havalimanları inşa edilmiştir. Ayrıca İngiliz Kraliyet Ordusuna ait iki adet askeri havaalanı
da bulunmaktadır. Adanın havayolu yolcu ve yük taşımacılığı 2000’li yıllara kadar büyük ölçüde önemsizdi. 2000’li yılların başından
günümüze kadar yolcu taşımacılığı genel olarak artış eğiliminde olmuştur. Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi (GKRY)’nin yolcu sayısı Kuzey
Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC)’nden daha fazla olmuştur. Bu durum üzerinde GKRY’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne alınması ve dünya genelinde
havayolu ulaşım ağının fazla olması etkili olmuştur. KKTC’nde ise yolcu sayısının az olmasında dünya ile bağlantısının yalnızca Türkiye
ile sınırlı olmasıdı etkilidir. 2020 ve sonrasında ada genelinde taşınan yolcu sayısında COVİD 19 salgını nedeniyle önemli düşüş
yaşanmıştır. Ancak 2022 yılı itibariyle toparlanma sürecine girmiştir. Yük taşımacılığında ise ada genelinde son yıllarda ciddi düşüş
yaşanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Havayolu Ulaşımı, Kıbrıs, Akdeniz, Jeopolitik
The island of Cyprus has maintained its geopolitical, strategic, economic and transportation importance in the Eastern Mediterranean from past to present. Until the development of airline transportation vehicles and the start of transoceanic activities, the island's only source of transportation was the sea. In this respect, Cyprus has been used as a base for maritime transportation since the beginning of settlement. During the Ottoman Empire, the island was the scene of great struggles due to its strategic importance in controlling the Mediterranean trade network. The island, where there was no war for a long period, became the center of global struggle again with the opening of the Suez Canal. In the second half of the 19th century, the island, which many states fought with the Ottomans for control, came under the control of the British. Until 1960, an airport (Nicosia, 1939) was built on the island, which remained under British control. As the island was subjected to air raids, especially during WW II, RAF Tymbou (1945) airport was built, which is the basis of today's Ercan airport. Later, Larnaca, Paphos and Geçitkale Airports were built on the island. There are also two military airports belonging to the British Royal Army. The island's air passenger and freight transportation was largely insignificant until the 2000s. From the early 2000s to the present day, passenger transportation has generally been on an upward trend. The Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus (SCGA) has had more passengers than the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). The inclusion of the SCGA in the European Union and the high number of airline transportation networks around the world have been effective on this situation. On the other hand, the TRNC's low number of passengers is due to the fact that its connection with the world is limited to Turkey. In 2020 and beyond, the number of passengers carried across the island experienced a significant decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it has entered a recovery process as of 2022. In freight transportation, there has been a serious decline in recent years across the island. Keywords: Air Transport, Cyprus, Mediterranean, Geopolitics.
The island of Cyprus has maintained its geopolitical, strategic, economic and transportation importance in the Eastern Mediterranean from past to present. Until the development of airline transportation vehicles and the start of transoceanic activities, the island's only source of transportation was the sea. In this respect, Cyprus has been used as a base for maritime transportation since the beginning of settlement. During the Ottoman Empire, the island was the scene of great struggles due to its strategic importance in controlling the Mediterranean trade network. The island, where there was no war for a long period, became the center of global struggle again with the opening of the Suez Canal. In the second half of the 19th century, the island, which many states fought with the Ottomans for control, came under the control of the British. Until 1960, an airport (Nicosia, 1939) was built on the island, which remained under British control. As the island was subjected to air raids, especially during WW II, RAF Tymbou (1945) airport was built, which is the basis of today's Ercan airport. Later, Larnaca, Paphos and Geçitkale Airports were built on the island. There are also two military airports belonging to the British Royal Army. The island's air passenger and freight transportation was largely insignificant until the 2000s. From the early 2000s to the present day, passenger transportation has generally been on an upward trend. The Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus (SCGA) has had more passengers than the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). The inclusion of the SCGA in the European Union and the high number of airline transportation networks around the world have been effective on this situation. On the other hand, the TRNC's low number of passengers is due to the fact that its connection with the world is limited to Turkey. In 2020 and beyond, the number of passengers carried across the island experienced a significant decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it has entered a recovery process as of 2022. In freight transportation, there has been a serious decline in recent years across the island. Keywords: Air Transport, Cyprus, Mediterranean, Geopolitics.
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ŞENOL C., "Tarihi, Coğrafi ve Jeopolitik Yönleriyle Kıbrıs Adası’nda Havayolu Ulaşımının Analizi", Gelecek Vizyonlar Dergisi, cilt.7, sa.1, ss.30-51, 2023
