Publication: Gebelerde uyku sorunlarının psikososyal sağlık ve doğum sonu depresyonla ilişkisi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, gebelikte görülen uyku sorunları ve bu sorunların gebelikteki psiko-sosyal sağlık ve doğum sonu depresyonla ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma; prospektif ve ilişki arayıcı olarak tasarlandı ve Mayıs 2023- Haziran 2024 tarihleri arasında özel bir hastanede 212 gebe ile gerçekleştirildi. Gebelerle son trimesterde ve doğumlarından sonraki 2-4. Haftalarda olmak üzere iki görüşme yapıldı. Verilerin toplanmasında Tanılama Formu, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ), Gebelikte Psikososyal Sağlığı Değerlendirme Ölçeği (GPSDÖ) ve Edinburgh Doğum Sonu Depresyon Ölçeği (EDSDÖ) kullanıldı. Elde edilen veriler, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 versiyonunda analiz edildi. Bulgular: Çalışma kapsamına alınan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 29,64±3,91, eğitim düzeyleri %69,8 oranında üniversite olup %29,2’si çalışıyordu ve yarıdan fazlasının ilk gebeliğiydi. Gebelerin %74’ü gebeliklerinde uyku düzenlerinde negatif yönde değişiklik yaşadığını belirtti ve günlük ortalama uyku süreleri 7,42±1,56 saatti. PUKİ’ye göre gebelerin uyku bozuklukları ve öznel uyku kaliteleri diğer bileşenlere göre kötüydü, genel uyku kalitesini gösteren PUKİ total puanı (1,89±0,40) ise iyiydi. GPSDÖ’ne göre genel psikososyal sağlıkları orta düzeydeydi (3,09±0,32), GPSDÖ’nün eş ilişkisi ve ailesel özelliklere ilişkin alt boyut puanları düşüktü. EDSDÖ total puan ortalaması 9,15±4,00 olarak düşük bulundu. EDSDÖ cut off değerine göre (≥13depresyon açısından riskli grup) depresyon riskli olan gebelerin oranı %15,09 du. Gebelerin uyku kalitesi kötüleştikçe gebelikteki psikososyal sağlıklarının kötüleştiği (p<,01) ve doğum sonu depresyon riskinin de arttığı (p<,05), aralarındaki ilişkinin anlamlı olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre gebelik sürecinde uyku düzeninde negatif yönde değişimlerin olduğu, gebelikte uyku kalitesi kötüleştikçe psikososyal sağlıklarının olumsuz etkilendiği ve aynı zamanda doğum sonu depresyona eğilimin de arttığı söylenebilir.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine sleep problems during pregnancy and their relationship with psychosocial health and postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was designed as a prospective and relationship-seeking study and was conducted with 212 pregnant women at a private hospital between May 2023 and June 2024. Two interviews were conducted with the participants, one during the third trimester of pregnancy and the second between the 2nd and 4th weeks postpartum. The data were collected using the Diagnostic Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pregnancy Psychosocial Health Assessment Scale (PPHAS), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: The average age of the pregnant women included in the study was 29.64±3.91, with 69,8% having a university degree, 29,2% being employed, and more than half being in their first pregnancy. 74% of the pregnant women reported experiencing a negative change in their sleep patterns during pregnancy, and their average daily sleep duration was 7.42±1.56 hours. According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the sleep disorders and subjective sleep quality of the pregnant women were worse compared to other components, while the overall sleep quality indicated by the total PSQI score (1,89±0,40) was good. According to the Pregnancy Psychosocial Health Assessment Scale (PPHAS), their overall psychosocial health was at a moderate level (3,09±0,32), with lower scores in the subscales related to partner relationships and family characteristics. The total average score of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)was 9,15±4,00, indicating a low risk for postpartum depression. According to the EPDS cutoff value (≥13, indicating a risk for depression), 15,09% of the pregnant women were found to be at risk for depression. It was determined that as the sleep quality deteriorated, the psychosocial health of the pregnant women worsened (p<,01), and the risk for postpartum depression also increased (p<,05), showing a significant relationship between the two. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be said that during pregnancy, negative changes in sleep patterns occurred, and as the sleep quality deteriorated, their psychosocial health was negatively affected, while the tendency toward postpartum depression also increased.
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine sleep problems during pregnancy and their relationship with psychosocial health and postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was designed as a prospective and relationship-seeking study and was conducted with 212 pregnant women at a private hospital between May 2023 and June 2024. Two interviews were conducted with the participants, one during the third trimester of pregnancy and the second between the 2nd and 4th weeks postpartum. The data were collected using the Diagnostic Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pregnancy Psychosocial Health Assessment Scale (PPHAS), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Results: The average age of the pregnant women included in the study was 29.64±3.91, with 69,8% having a university degree, 29,2% being employed, and more than half being in their first pregnancy. 74% of the pregnant women reported experiencing a negative change in their sleep patterns during pregnancy, and their average daily sleep duration was 7.42±1.56 hours. According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the sleep disorders and subjective sleep quality of the pregnant women were worse compared to other components, while the overall sleep quality indicated by the total PSQI score (1,89±0,40) was good. According to the Pregnancy Psychosocial Health Assessment Scale (PPHAS), their overall psychosocial health was at a moderate level (3,09±0,32), with lower scores in the subscales related to partner relationships and family characteristics. The total average score of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)was 9,15±4,00, indicating a low risk for postpartum depression. According to the EPDS cutoff value (≥13, indicating a risk for depression), 15,09% of the pregnant women were found to be at risk for depression. It was determined that as the sleep quality deteriorated, the psychosocial health of the pregnant women worsened (p<,01), and the risk for postpartum depression also increased (p<,05), showing a significant relationship between the two. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be said that during pregnancy, negative changes in sleep patterns occurred, and as the sleep quality deteriorated, their psychosocial health was negatively affected, while the tendency toward postpartum depression also increased.