Publication: Küreselleşme, bölgeselleşme ve Türkiye
Abstract
KÜRESELLEŞME, BÖLGESELLEŞME VE TÜRKİYE Küreselleşme ve bölgeselleşme hareketleri özellikle son yıllarda iktisat biliminin ana gündem maddelerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda söz konusu iki kavramın dünya ekonomileri ve Türkiye ekonomisi üzerindeki etkileri önem arzetmektedir. Özellikle 1980 sonrası dönemde artan küreselleşme olgusu günümümüzde de tüm hızıyla etkisini hissettirmektedir. GATT/ WTO gibi uluslararası kuruluşlar, küreselleşmenin hız kazanması ve önündeki engellerin kaldırılmasıyla ilgili çalışmalarda bulunmakta ve bunun sonucunda da uluslararası ticaret hacminin genel olarak her yıl arttığı gözlemlenmektedir. Küreselleşme sadece uluslararası ticarette değil, uluslararası sermaye ve işgücü piyasalarında da etkili olmakta ve dünya ölçeğinde özellikle uluslararası sermaye hareketlerinde çarpıcı gelişmelere neden olmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşundan günümüze kadar uygulanan dış ticaret politikalarında dünyadaki ekonomik koşullar belirleyici olmaktadır. Dünyada korumacılığın hakim olduğu yıllarda dışa kapalı bir ekonomi görüntüsü veren Türkiye, özellikle 1980 sonrası yaşanan küreselleşme sürecine kayıtsız kalmamış ve 1980 sonrası dışa açık bir ekonomi haline gelmiştir. Türkiye, bir yandan Dünya Ticaret Örgütü gibi kuruluşlara üye olup küreselleşeme yolunda adımlar atarken bir yandan da Avrupa Birliği gibi bölgeselleşme hareketlerine katılmaya çalışarak dünya ekonomisindeki yeri ve önemini artırmaya çalışmaktadır. Özetle, Türkiye’nin gelişmesi ve kalkınmasında dış ticaret kritik bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye hem küreselleşme, hem de bölgeselleşme hareketlerine taraf olmaktadır. 1980'den günümüze uygulanan liberal dış ticaret politikaları sayesinde Türkiye’nin dünya ekonomisi ile geçmişe göre daha sıkı bağlar kurulduğunu gözlemlenmektedir.
GLOBALIZATION, REGIONALISM AND TURKEY In recent years globalization and regionalism phenomena have become one of the most important concepts in economic literature. In this context, these two concepts have great influences on the world trade and Turkey’s foreign trade. The globalization phenomenon that has speed up especially after 1980s, still has an crucial effect on today’s economies. International institutions, such as World Trade Organization, try to reduce trade barriers and to accelerate globalization all over the world. As a result, within their performance, it is observed that the world trade volume has been increasing every year. Globalization has not only effect on international trade but also it affects international capital and international labor flows. Especially international capital flows have increased to remarkable levels all around the world. Turkish foreign trade policies have been determining by the world economic conditions since the establishment of Turkish Republic in 1923. While the protectionism has dominated in the world economy before 1980s, Turkey’s economy was a closed economy also. Especially after 1980s, Turkey has been affected by globalization and has become an open economy. Turkey tried to improve its place and importance in the world economy by attending international institutions such as World Trade Organization and trying to attend regional economic integrations such as European Union. In conclusion, foreign trade plays a critical role on Turkey’s growth and development. In this context, Turkey has been trying to attempt globalization and regionalism movements. After 1980s, Turkey has become more integrated to world economy by applying more liberal foreign trade policies.
GLOBALIZATION, REGIONALISM AND TURKEY In recent years globalization and regionalism phenomena have become one of the most important concepts in economic literature. In this context, these two concepts have great influences on the world trade and Turkey’s foreign trade. The globalization phenomenon that has speed up especially after 1980s, still has an crucial effect on today’s economies. International institutions, such as World Trade Organization, try to reduce trade barriers and to accelerate globalization all over the world. As a result, within their performance, it is observed that the world trade volume has been increasing every year. Globalization has not only effect on international trade but also it affects international capital and international labor flows. Especially international capital flows have increased to remarkable levels all around the world. Turkish foreign trade policies have been determining by the world economic conditions since the establishment of Turkish Republic in 1923. While the protectionism has dominated in the world economy before 1980s, Turkey’s economy was a closed economy also. Especially after 1980s, Turkey has been affected by globalization and has become an open economy. Turkey tried to improve its place and importance in the world economy by attending international institutions such as World Trade Organization and trying to attend regional economic integrations such as European Union. In conclusion, foreign trade plays a critical role on Turkey’s growth and development. In this context, Turkey has been trying to attempt globalization and regionalism movements. After 1980s, Turkey has become more integrated to world economy by applying more liberal foreign trade policies.