Publication: Dijital ekosistem içerisinde metaverse ve yapay zekânın yeri ve gazetecilik/ habercilik pratiklerine etkisi
Abstract
Teknolojik gelişmeler bireylerin hayatlarını derinden etkilemiş ve birçok sektörün iş ve işleyişinde bir paradigma değişimi yaşanmıştır. Bu dönüşüm medya endüstrisinde de kendisini göstermiş, bizleri metaverse ve yapay zekâ gazeteciliği kavramları ile tanıştırmıştır. Başta sanal gerçeklik olmak üzere metaverse teknolojileri, enformasyonun üretim, tüketim ve dağıtım pratiklerine yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Bu bağlamda bireylerin gerçeklik algısı şekillenmiş, sanal olanla gerçek arasındaki çizgi bulanıklaşmıştır. Böylece sürükleyici ya da metaverse gazeteciliği olarak tanımlanan, simülasyon evreninde haber tüketimi deneyimi ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin gazetecilik pratiklerinde kullanımı ise haber ve içerik üretim süreçlerini otomatikleştirmiştir. Bu durum medya kuruluşu, gazeteci ve tüketicinin geleneksel rollerinde dramatik bir dönüşüme neden olarak çeşitli avantaj ve dezavantajları beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; metaverse ve yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin gazetecilik pratiklerine olan etkilerini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda tarihsel ve kuramsal bir anlatının ardından bu teknolojilerin ve bileşenlerinin dijital dünyadaki konumları detaylı olarak açıklanmıştır. Uygulama kısmında yapay zekâ modelleri ve uzmanlarla yapılan mükalatlarla metaverse ve yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin piyasa dinamiklerine, iş gücüne ve ekosisteme etkileri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca ülkemizde ve küresel medya kuruluşlarında bu teknolojilerin hangi düzeyde, nasıl kullanıldığına dair örneklere yer verilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen bulgulara göre, metaverse teknolojilerine olan ilginin gerileme evresinde olduğu fakat yapay zekânın gazetecilikte kullanımının ise artış gösterdiği görülmüştür. Küresel medyada sistemli hale gelen yapay zekâ kullanımı Türkiye özelinde kişisel tercihler düzeyinde kalmış ve henüz kurumsallaşamamıştır. Robot gazeteciliğin haber odalarında kullanımı ile bilgiye ulaşma ve hız konusunda kazanımlar yaşanmış fakat makinanın emeğin ve işgücünün yerini alacağına dair tartışmalar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çerçevede medya şirketlerinin kar maksimizasyonlarını artırma yönelimleri gazetecileri endişelendirmekte ve insan-makine arasındaki roller tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca yapay zekânın haber odalarında kullanımıyla habere güvenilirlik, telif hakkı, doğruluk ve etik gibi tartışmalar ortaya çıkmıştır.
Technological developments have deeply affected the lives of individuals and there has been a paradigm shift in the business and functioning of many sectors. This transformation has also manifested itself in the media industry, introducing us to the concepts of metaverse and artificial intelligence journalism. Metaverse technologies, especially virtual reality, have added a new dimension to the production, consumption and distribution practices of information. In this context, individuals' perception of reality has been shaped, and the line between the virtual and the real has been blurred. Thus, the experience of news consumption in the simulation universe, which is defined as immersive or metaverse journalism, has started to attract attention. The use of artificial intelligence technologies in journalism practices has automated news and content production processes. This has led to a dramatic transformation in the traditional roles of media outlets, journalists, and consumers, bringing with it various advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study; to examine the effects of metaverse and artificial intelligence technologies on journalism practices. In this context, after a historical and theoretical narrative, the positions of these technologies and their components in the digital world are explained in detail. In the application part, the effects of metaverse and artificial intelligence technologies on market dynamics, workforce and ecosystem were examined with artificial intelligence models and interviews with experts. In addition, examples of how and at what level these technologies are used in our country and global media organizations are included. According to the findings obtained within the scope of the research, it has been observed that the interest in metaverse technologies is in the decline phase, but the use of artificial intelligence in journalism has increased. The use of artificial intelligence, which has become systematic in the global media, has remained at the level of personal preferences in Turkey and has not yet been institutionalized. With the use of robot journalism in newsrooms, there have been gains in access to information and speed, but discussions have emerged that the machine will replace labor and workforce. In this context, the tendency of media companies to increase their profit maximization worries journalists and the roles between man and machine are discussed. In addition, with the use of artificial intelligence in newsrooms, debates such as reliability, copyright, accuracy and ethics have arisen.
Technological developments have deeply affected the lives of individuals and there has been a paradigm shift in the business and functioning of many sectors. This transformation has also manifested itself in the media industry, introducing us to the concepts of metaverse and artificial intelligence journalism. Metaverse technologies, especially virtual reality, have added a new dimension to the production, consumption and distribution practices of information. In this context, individuals' perception of reality has been shaped, and the line between the virtual and the real has been blurred. Thus, the experience of news consumption in the simulation universe, which is defined as immersive or metaverse journalism, has started to attract attention. The use of artificial intelligence technologies in journalism practices has automated news and content production processes. This has led to a dramatic transformation in the traditional roles of media outlets, journalists, and consumers, bringing with it various advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study; to examine the effects of metaverse and artificial intelligence technologies on journalism practices. In this context, after a historical and theoretical narrative, the positions of these technologies and their components in the digital world are explained in detail. In the application part, the effects of metaverse and artificial intelligence technologies on market dynamics, workforce and ecosystem were examined with artificial intelligence models and interviews with experts. In addition, examples of how and at what level these technologies are used in our country and global media organizations are included. According to the findings obtained within the scope of the research, it has been observed that the interest in metaverse technologies is in the decline phase, but the use of artificial intelligence in journalism has increased. The use of artificial intelligence, which has become systematic in the global media, has remained at the level of personal preferences in Turkey and has not yet been institutionalized. With the use of robot journalism in newsrooms, there have been gains in access to information and speed, but discussions have emerged that the machine will replace labor and workforce. In this context, the tendency of media companies to increase their profit maximization worries journalists and the roles between man and machine are discussed. In addition, with the use of artificial intelligence in newsrooms, debates such as reliability, copyright, accuracy and ethics have arisen.