Publication: Boksörlerde izokinetik omuz ve dirsek kuvvet parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, boksörlerde izokinetik omuz iç/ dış rotasyon ve dirsek fleksiyon/ ekstansiyon kuvvetlerinin iki farklı açısal hızda (60°/ s ve 180°/ s) değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya ortalama yaşları 26,21±6,22 olan 14 amatör ve ortalama yaşları 24,08 ±4,68 olan 13 elit olmak üzere 27 erkek boksör dahil edilmiştir. Tüm katılımcıların ilk olarak bilateral el kavrama kuvvetleri ölçümü sonrası 15 dk dinlenme süresi verilmiştir. Omuz eklemine yönelik 5 (beş) dk’lık ısınmanın ardından omuz iç-dış rotasyon ile dirsek fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon izokinetik kuvvetleri sırasıyla 60°/ s, 180°/ s açısal hızlarda bilateral olarak ölçülmüştür. Her iki açısal hız arasında üç dakikalık dinlenme süreleri verilmiştir. Omuz ve dirsek kuvvet ölçümleri randomize olarak ölçülmüş ve her bir eklem izokinetik kuvvet ölçümü sonrasında diğer ekleme geçmeden önce 30 dk ara verilmiştir. Bulgular: Omuz eklemi için her iki açısal hızda da iç rotasyon kuvveti dış rotasyona göre zirve tork, normalize zirve tork, ortalama zirve tork ve toplam iş değerleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. (p<0.001). Sağ ve sol omuz eksternal ve internal kuvvet düzeyleri arasında fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Dirsek ekleminde ise ortalama zirve tork, güç ve toplam iş parametreleri için her iki açısal hızda da ekstansiyon kuvvetinin fleksiyona kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Buna ek olarak, dirsek normalize zirve tork ve toplam iş parametrelerinde elit boksörler amatör gruba kıyasla daha yüksek bulunurken, ekstansiyon fleksiyon oranında ise bu farkın tersine, amatör grubun elite göre daha yükse olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.05). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, boksörlerde hem omuz iç rotasyon hem de dirsek ekstansiyon kas gruplarının fleksörlere göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek izokinetik kuvvet çıktıları ürettiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu nedenle, boksörlerin antrenman programlarına omuz dış ratotör ve dirsek fleksör kaslarına yönelik kuvvet antrenmanlarının eklenmesi gerekli olabilir. Her iki grup arasında omuz izokinetik kuvvetinde fark bulunmaz iken, dirsek fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon normalize zirve tork değeri elit boksörlerde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu durum, rekreasyonel boksörlerin antrenman programlarında dirsek kuvvet egzersizlerin yeterli olmadığının bir göstergesi olabilir. Bu nedenle, gelecek çalışmalarda, daha fazla sayıda katılımcı ile yapılacak izokinetik kuvvet değerlendirmeleri, boksörlerin antrenman programlarını düzenlemek ve yaralanma insidansını azaltmak için stratejiler geliştirmede faydalı olabilir.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the isokinetic strength of shoulder internal/ external rotation and elbow flexion/ extension in boxers at two different angular velocities (60°/ s and 180°/ s). Materials and Methods: A total of 27 male boxers participated in the study, including 14 amateur boxers with a mean age of 26.21 ± 6.22 years and 13 elite boxers with a mean age of 24.08 ± 4.68 years. All participants first underwent bilateral handgrip strength testing, followed by a 15-minute rest period. After a 5-minute warm-up targeting the shoulder joint, isokinetic strength assessments were performed bilaterally for shoulder internal and external rotation, as well as elbow flexion and extension, at angular velocities of 60°/ s and 180°/ s. A three-minute rest was given between the two angular velocity conditions. The shoulder and elbow strength measurements were conducted in a randomized order, with a 30-minute rest interval between tests of different joints. Results: For the shoulder joint, internal rotation demonstrated significantly higher values than external rotation in terms of peak torque, normalized peak torque, average peak torque, and total work at both angular velocities (p <0.001). No significant differences were found between the right and left sides for shoulder internal and external rotation strength (p>0.05). Regarding the elbow joint, extension strength values for average peak torque, power, and total work were significantly higher than flexion at both velocities (p <0.05). Additionally, elite boxers exhibited significantly higher normalized peak torque and total work values for elbow movements compared to the amateur group, whereas the extension/ flexion ratio was significantly higher in the amateur group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that shoulder internal rotators and elbow extensors produce significantly greater isokinetic outputs compared to their antagonist muscle groups in boxers. These findings suggest that strength training programs for boxers may benefit from the inclusion of exercises specifically targeting shoulder external rotators and elbow flexors. While no differences were found between elite and amateur boxers in shoulder isokinetic strength, elite boxers demonstrated higher normalized peak torque values for elbow flexion and extension. This may indicate that recreational boxers' training programs lack sufficient emphasis on elbow strength development. Future studies involving larger sample sizes may contribute to the optimization of training strategies and reduction of injury incidence in boxing.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the isokinetic strength of shoulder internal/ external rotation and elbow flexion/ extension in boxers at two different angular velocities (60°/ s and 180°/ s). Materials and Methods: A total of 27 male boxers participated in the study, including 14 amateur boxers with a mean age of 26.21 ± 6.22 years and 13 elite boxers with a mean age of 24.08 ± 4.68 years. All participants first underwent bilateral handgrip strength testing, followed by a 15-minute rest period. After a 5-minute warm-up targeting the shoulder joint, isokinetic strength assessments were performed bilaterally for shoulder internal and external rotation, as well as elbow flexion and extension, at angular velocities of 60°/ s and 180°/ s. A three-minute rest was given between the two angular velocity conditions. The shoulder and elbow strength measurements were conducted in a randomized order, with a 30-minute rest interval between tests of different joints. Results: For the shoulder joint, internal rotation demonstrated significantly higher values than external rotation in terms of peak torque, normalized peak torque, average peak torque, and total work at both angular velocities (p <0.001). No significant differences were found between the right and left sides for shoulder internal and external rotation strength (p>0.05). Regarding the elbow joint, extension strength values for average peak torque, power, and total work were significantly higher than flexion at both velocities (p <0.05). Additionally, elite boxers exhibited significantly higher normalized peak torque and total work values for elbow movements compared to the amateur group, whereas the extension/ flexion ratio was significantly higher in the amateur group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that shoulder internal rotators and elbow extensors produce significantly greater isokinetic outputs compared to their antagonist muscle groups in boxers. These findings suggest that strength training programs for boxers may benefit from the inclusion of exercises specifically targeting shoulder external rotators and elbow flexors. While no differences were found between elite and amateur boxers in shoulder isokinetic strength, elite boxers demonstrated higher normalized peak torque values for elbow flexion and extension. This may indicate that recreational boxers' training programs lack sufficient emphasis on elbow strength development. Future studies involving larger sample sizes may contribute to the optimization of training strategies and reduction of injury incidence in boxing.