Publication: YENİDEN MÜZAKERE ETME BORCU MU KÜLFETİ Mİ?
Abstract
İki tarafın karşılıklı birbirine uygun irade beyanıyla meydana gelen, günlük hayatımızda en sık karşılaştığımız hukuki işlem türü sözleşmeler olup taraflar kural olarak yapmış olduğu sözleşmeye uymak zorundadırlar. Buna pacta sund servanda prensibi denilmektedir. Ancak bazen ortaya çıkabilen çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı, örneğin sözleşme yapıldıktan sonra koşullarda meydana gelen değişikler nedeniyle, taraflardan sözleşmeyi aynen ifası beklenemeyebilir. Bu gibi hallerde tarafların direk, mahkemeye başvurmadan, bir araya gelip sözleşmeleri yeniden müzakere etmelerinin gerekli olup olmadığı ve yeniden müzakere yükümlülüğü varsa bunun bir borç mu yoksa külfet mi olduğu hususu birçok ülkede tartışılmıştır. Söz konusu yeniden müzakere yükümlülüğü gerek Alman hukukunda gerekse de Türk hukukunda, özellikle işlem temelinin çökmesi kapsamında ele alınarak incelenmiştir.
The contract is a legal act which faces us most frequently in legal proceedings and is of great importance in jurisdiction. Therefore, the parties are fundamentally obliged to their contract and have to fulfil their obligations with regard to legal certainly and the basic principle of civil law: pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept). A party is bound to fulfil its obligations even if the performance has become more onerous. We know, historically and actually, that circumstances at conclusion of contract repeatedly changed due to dramatically social and economic events, resulting in disturbances of the business fundamentals. If, however, performance of the contract becomes excessively onerous because of a change of circumstances, the party can adapt the contract. Therefore, it is doubtful whether the parties have to enter into new legal negotiations for adaption of the contract. I so, are the negotiations are duty or obligation.In numerous countries - Germany included - renewed negotiations are decisive matter of discussion in the literature. In the scope of this work we try to explain the resumption of negotiations, which were caused by disturbances of the business fundamentals, in the Turkish and German jurisdiction.
The contract is a legal act which faces us most frequently in legal proceedings and is of great importance in jurisdiction. Therefore, the parties are fundamentally obliged to their contract and have to fulfil their obligations with regard to legal certainly and the basic principle of civil law: pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept). A party is bound to fulfil its obligations even if the performance has become more onerous. We know, historically and actually, that circumstances at conclusion of contract repeatedly changed due to dramatically social and economic events, resulting in disturbances of the business fundamentals. If, however, performance of the contract becomes excessively onerous because of a change of circumstances, the party can adapt the contract. Therefore, it is doubtful whether the parties have to enter into new legal negotiations for adaption of the contract. I so, are the negotiations are duty or obligation.In numerous countries - Germany included - renewed negotiations are decisive matter of discussion in the literature. In the scope of this work we try to explain the resumption of negotiations, which were caused by disturbances of the business fundamentals, in the Turkish and German jurisdiction.