Publication: Değişen müsabaka sisteminin aktif ve pasif çalışma aralıklarının belirlenmesi ile elit taekwondo antrenman ve müsabaka yüklerinin incelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: 2022 yılında değişen müsabaka sisteminin analizi sonucunda aktif ve pasif zaman aralıklarının belirlenmesi ile fizyolojik profilin ortaya konularak antrenman ve müsabaka yüklerinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya, 18–25 yaş aralığında 14 elit erkek taekwondocu katılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, taekwondo 2023 Dünya Şampiyonası, 2023 Türkiye Şampiyonası ve 2019 Dünya Şampiyonası’na ait müsabakalarda üç rauntluk her bir sıklet için aktif ve pasif zaman aralıkları ile müsabaka tekniklerinin analizine dayalı olarak müsabaka yükü belirlenmiştir. 2022 yılında yapılan kural değişikliklerinin müsabaka yükü üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla, 2023 Dünya Taekwondo Şampiyonası’na ait veriler kullanılarak, her bir sıklet için 1–5 saniyelik aktif ve pasif süreler ile müsabaka tekniklerini içeren özgün bir simülasyon protokolü geliştirilmiştir. Dinlenim aşamasında katılımcıların antropometrik özellikleri alınmış, dinlenim, üç raunt ve toparlanma aşamalarında kalp atım hızı, kan laktat düzeyi ve Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi (AZD) verileri ölçülmüştür. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistik ve One-Way ANOVA ile analiz edilmiş; anlamlı fark bulunan durumlarda Tukey post-hoc testi uygulanmıştır (p < 0.05). Bulgular: Antropometrik özellikler, kan laktat düzeyi, kalp atım hızı ve AZD verileri, çarpıklık ve basıklık değerlerinin ±1.5 aralığında olması nedeniyle normal dağılım gösterdiği kabul edilmiştir (p > 0.05). Üç raunt ve 7 dakikalık toparlanma süreci arasındaki AZD değerlerinde anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir (p>0.05). Ancak müsabaka simülasyonunda dinlenim, üç raunt ve 7 dakikalık toparlanma aşamalarında ölçülen kan laktat düzeyleri (mmol/ L) ve kalp atım hızı (a/ dk) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Sonuç: 2023 Dünya Şampiyonası müsabaka analizlerine göre oluşturulan yeni modeldeki aktif-pasif zaman aralıkların ve tekniklerin, kan laktatı, kalp atım hızı ve AZD üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Değişen müsabaka sistemi, aktif sürenin artmasına ve kullanılan tekniklerde farklılaşmaya neden olmuştur. Bu durum, müsabaka yükünün yüksek kalmasına, taekwondonun fiziksel zorlayıcılığının artmasına ve fizyolojik tepkilerde değişimlere neden olmuştur. Bu bulgular, müsabaka sırasında anaerobik sistemin baskın olduğunu ve dayanıklılık ile toparlanma odaklı antrenmanların gerekliliğini önemini vurgulamaktadır.
Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in the competition system introduced in 2022 by identifying active and passive time intervals and revealing the physiological profile to examine training and competition loads. Materials and Methods: Fourteen elite male taekwondo athletes aged between 18 and 25 participated in the study. The competition load was determined based on the analysis of active and passive time intervals and competition techniques for each weight category across three rounds from the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships, 2023 Turkish Championships, and 2019 World Taekwondo Championships. To evaluate the impact of the 2022 rule changes on match load, a simulation protocol was developed using data from the 2023 World Championships, incorporating 1–5 second active and passive time intervals and competition techniques for each weight class. During the resting phase, participants’ anthropometric measurements were recorded. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) data were collected during rest, each round, and the recovery phase. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-Way ANOVA; when significant differences were identified, Tukey post-hoc tests were performed (p < 0.05). Results: The anthropometric characteristics, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) data were found to be normally distributed, as skewness and kurtosis values remained within the ±1.5 range (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in RPE values between the three rounds and the 7-minute recovery phase (p > 0.05). However, blood lactate concentrations (mmol/ L) and heart rate (bpm) measured during rest, each round, and the 7-minute recovery phase demonstrated statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) within the match simulation. Conclusion: The effects of active-passive time intervals and techniques derived from the match analysis of the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships on blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were evaluated. The modified match system increased active duration and altered techniques, leading to higher match load, greater physical demands, and changes in physiological responses. These findings highlight the anaerobic system's dominance and the need for endurance and recovery-focused training.
Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in the competition system introduced in 2022 by identifying active and passive time intervals and revealing the physiological profile to examine training and competition loads. Materials and Methods: Fourteen elite male taekwondo athletes aged between 18 and 25 participated in the study. The competition load was determined based on the analysis of active and passive time intervals and competition techniques for each weight category across three rounds from the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships, 2023 Turkish Championships, and 2019 World Taekwondo Championships. To evaluate the impact of the 2022 rule changes on match load, a simulation protocol was developed using data from the 2023 World Championships, incorporating 1–5 second active and passive time intervals and competition techniques for each weight class. During the resting phase, participants’ anthropometric measurements were recorded. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) data were collected during rest, each round, and the recovery phase. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and One-Way ANOVA; when significant differences were identified, Tukey post-hoc tests were performed (p < 0.05). Results: The anthropometric characteristics, blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) data were found to be normally distributed, as skewness and kurtosis values remained within the ±1.5 range (p > 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in RPE values between the three rounds and the 7-minute recovery phase (p > 0.05). However, blood lactate concentrations (mmol/ L) and heart rate (bpm) measured during rest, each round, and the 7-minute recovery phase demonstrated statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) within the match simulation. Conclusion: The effects of active-passive time intervals and techniques derived from the match analysis of the 2023 World Taekwondo Championships on blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were evaluated. The modified match system increased active duration and altered techniques, leading to higher match load, greater physical demands, and changes in physiological responses. These findings highlight the anaerobic system's dominance and the need for endurance and recovery-focused training.