Publication: Küresel enerji odağı “Hazar Denizi’nin” jeopolitik önemi
Abstract
Jeopolitik ve jeostratejik öneme sahip olan Hazar Denizi’nin hukuki statüsü sorunu Sovyetler Birliği döneminden başlayarak, Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından günümüze kadar süren ve birçok anlaşmalar yapılmasına rağmen, kesin bir çözüme kavuşturulamayan mesele haline dönüşmüştür. Çözülemeyen mesele haline dönüşen Hazar Denizi’nin sorunlarının başında geleneksel kaynaklar bakımından zengin olması yatmaktadır. Bu önemli karmaşık durum, Hazar Denizi’nin hukuki statüsü sorununu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hazar’a kıyıdaş olan ülkeler arasında bu bölgenin zenginliklerini paylaşmasında ciddi sorunlar yaşanmıştır ve böyle bir durum kıyı devletlerinin Hazar Havza’sında hak ettikleri sınır çizgileri meselesini de gündeme getirmiştir.” “Çalışmada Hazar Denizi’nin hukuki statüsü sorununun kıyıdaş ülkelere olan etkisi yanında post - kolonyal teorinin sömürgecilik üzerine görüşleri ve SSCB’nin Orta Asya’da yaptığı yayılmacılık politikası ile karşılaştırılarak sorunun asıl nedeninin ne olduğu araştırılmaktadır. Hazar’ın enerji bakımından zengin olması Sovyetler Birliği döneminde Hazar Denizi için söz sahibi ülkelerin SSCB ve İran’ın olmasına rağmen, bu bölge bir otoriter güç olan SSCB tarafından yönetilmiş ve bölge ile ilgili kararlar bu ülke tarafından alınmıştır. Sovyetler Birliği’nin çökmesinden sonra Hazar’ın üzerine karar alıcı devletlerin sayısının çoğalması nedeniyle Hazar Havzası problemleri çözülemeyen bir hal almış, tezde de bu problemler incelenmiştir.” “SSCB döneminde kıyı devletlerinin yönetimi, siyaseti, ekonomisi ve birçok alanları “Merkezi” bir bölgeye bağlı olarak yönetilmiştir. Sovyetler Birliği’nin çöküşü sonrasında da “Bölgesel Güç” olan Rusya’nın kıyı ülkelerine göre, Hazar Denizi bölgesinde söz sahibi ülke konumunda olduğu akademik belgeler çerçevesinde ortaya konmaktadır. Hazar Denizi’nin Hukuki Statü sorunu Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi (BMDHS) bakımından araştırılarak, Hazar’ın BMDHS’ne göre hangi statüye uygun olduğu belirlenmektedir. Küresel dünyanın dijitalleşmesi ile enerji kaynaklarının değerlerinin artması küresel iktidar devletlerinin odağını enerji bakımından zengin olan bölgelere yöneltmiştir. Enerji kaynak bakımından dünya üzerinde önemli paya sahip olan Hazar Denizi, zengin kaynaklara sahip olması nedeniyle “Küresel Güç Ülkeleri” olan ABD, Rusya, Çin ve küresel güç olma potansiyeli olan Türkiye gibi küresel güçlerin enerji ihtiyacını karşılaması acısından ekonomik ve ticari boyuttan büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, hayatın vazgeçilmez kaynağı olan enerji kaynakları acısından küresel odak nokta bölgesine dönüşen Hazar Denizi’ne dikkatlerin çevrildiğini belgeleyen, politik ekonomi yönden küresel ülkelerin bölgedeki çıkarlarını açıklayan akademik ve ampirik belgeler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir.”
The problem of the legal status of the Caspian Sea, which has geopolitical and geostrategic importance, has turned into an issue that has not been resolved, although many agreements have been made, starting from the period of the Soviet Union and continuing from the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The main problem of the Caspian Sea, which has turned into an unsolved issue, lies in its richness in traditional resources. This important complex situation has raised the problem of the legal status of the Caspian Sea. Serious problems have been experienced in sharing the richness of this region among the countries that are riparian with the Caspian, and such a situation has brought the issue of the borderlines deserved by the coastal states in the Caspian Basin. In this study, besides the effect of the legal status problem of the Caspian Sea on the riparian countries, the views of post-colonial theory on colonialism and the expansion policy of the USSR in Central Asia, and what is the main cause of the problem is investigated. The Caspian was rich in energy, although the USSR and Iran were the countries that had a say in the Caspian Sea during the USSR period, this region was ruled by an authoritarian power (USSR), that is, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Caspian after the decision was taken by that country. The fact that it becomes unsolved due to the increase in the number of decision-making states is examined. During the USSR period, the administration, politics, economy, and many areas of the coastal states were governed by a Central region. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is revealed within the framework of academic documents that Russia which is a Regional Power, has a voice in the Caspian Sea region compared to the coastal countries. The Legal Status problem of the Caspian Sea is investigated in terms of the International Maritime Law Convention (UNCLOS), and the status of the Caspian according to UNCLOS is determined. With the digitalization of the global world, the increase in the value of energy resources has directed the focus of global power states to regions rich in energy. The Caspian Sea, which has an important share in the world in terms of energy resources, is of great economic and commercial importance in terms of meeting the energy needs of global powers such as the Global Power Countries USA, Russia, China, and Turkey which has the potential to become a global power. This study is evaluated within the framework of academic and empirical documents that document that the Caspian Sea, which has turned into a global focal point in terms of energy resources, is the indispensable source of life and explains the interests of global countries in terms of political economy.
The problem of the legal status of the Caspian Sea, which has geopolitical and geostrategic importance, has turned into an issue that has not been resolved, although many agreements have been made, starting from the period of the Soviet Union and continuing from the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The main problem of the Caspian Sea, which has turned into an unsolved issue, lies in its richness in traditional resources. This important complex situation has raised the problem of the legal status of the Caspian Sea. Serious problems have been experienced in sharing the richness of this region among the countries that are riparian with the Caspian, and such a situation has brought the issue of the borderlines deserved by the coastal states in the Caspian Basin. In this study, besides the effect of the legal status problem of the Caspian Sea on the riparian countries, the views of post-colonial theory on colonialism and the expansion policy of the USSR in Central Asia, and what is the main cause of the problem is investigated. The Caspian was rich in energy, although the USSR and Iran were the countries that had a say in the Caspian Sea during the USSR period, this region was ruled by an authoritarian power (USSR), that is, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Caspian after the decision was taken by that country. The fact that it becomes unsolved due to the increase in the number of decision-making states is examined. During the USSR period, the administration, politics, economy, and many areas of the coastal states were governed by a Central region. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is revealed within the framework of academic documents that Russia which is a Regional Power, has a voice in the Caspian Sea region compared to the coastal countries. The Legal Status problem of the Caspian Sea is investigated in terms of the International Maritime Law Convention (UNCLOS), and the status of the Caspian according to UNCLOS is determined. With the digitalization of the global world, the increase in the value of energy resources has directed the focus of global power states to regions rich in energy. The Caspian Sea, which has an important share in the world in terms of energy resources, is of great economic and commercial importance in terms of meeting the energy needs of global powers such as the Global Power Countries USA, Russia, China, and Turkey which has the potential to become a global power. This study is evaluated within the framework of academic and empirical documents that document that the Caspian Sea, which has turned into a global focal point in terms of energy resources, is the indispensable source of life and explains the interests of global countries in terms of political economy.
Description
Keywords
Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi, Caspian Sea Region, Energy, Enerji Legal status of Caspian, Geopolitics, Global Power Countries, Hazar Denizi Bölgesi, Hazar’ın Hukuki Statüsü, International economic relations, International relations, Jeopolitik, Kıyıdaş Ülkeler, Küresel Güç Ülkeleri, Political science, Riparian Countries, Siyasal bilim, Uluslararası ekonomik ilişkiler, Uluslararası ilişkiler, UNCLOS
