Publication: Türkiyenin ilaç üretiminin yerelleştirilmesi ve teknoloji transferi uygulamalarının dünya ticaret örgütü hukuku açısından incelenmesi
Abstract
Çalışmamızın ilk bölümünde, ilaçlara ilişkin hukuki koruma rejiminin ve teknoloji transferi uygulamalarının yarattığı sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikri Mülkiyet Anlaşması (TRIPS) ekseninde değerlendirilmiştir. Çözüm önerisi olarak teknoloji transferinin özel şirketlere bırakılmayıp devletler bazında politikalar geliştirilmesi ve sağlık alanında yerel üretime yönelik teknoloji transferi uygulamalarının öncelikle uygulanması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise Türkiye-Eczacılık Ürünleri uyuşmazlığında verilen kararın hukuki incelemesi yapılmıştır. İncelemede, konusu ilaçta yerelleşme politikası kapsamındaki ilaç alımları olan uyuşmazlıkta; uluslararası hukukta ilaçların mal ticaretinden ayrı değerlendirilmesi ve ilaca erişim sorununun dünyanın çözülmesi gereken bir sorun olarak kabul edilmesinden dolayı GATT madde III:8(a)’nın geniş yorumlanması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. GATT XX(b) kapsamında ise COVID-19 salgınında birçok devletin ithalat ve ihracat kısıtlaması yoluna gitmesi sebebiyle insanların ilaçlara erişiminin güçleştirdiği görülmüş olup aşırı ithalata bağımlık riskinin tasarım unsurunu sağlayacak bir risk sayılması gerektiği belirlenmiştir. GATT XX(b) ve (d) maddelerindeki gereklilik unsurunda ise, uyuşmazlığın konusunun uluslararası örgütlerin de desteklemekte olduğu ilaçta yerelleştirme politikası olduğunda daha az ticareti kısıtlayan alternatif önlemlerin değerlendirmeye alınmaması gerektiği belirlenmiştir.
In the first part of our study, the problems and solutions created by the legal protection regime for pharmaceuticals and technology transfer practices are evaluated in the context of the Trade-Related Intellectual Property Agreement. As a solution suggestion, it was determined that technology transfer should not be left to private companies, but policies should be developed on the basis of states and technology transfer practices for local production in the field of health should be implemented primarily. The second part provides a legal analysis of the judgment in the Türkiye-Pharmaceutical Products dispute. In the dispute, which is about pharmaceutical procurement under the pharmaceutical localizationpolicy, it was determined that GATT Article III:8(a) should be interpreted broadly, as pharmaceuticals are considered separate from trade in goods in international law and the problem of access to medicines is considered as a problem to be solved in the world. Under GATT XX(b), it has been observed that the COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for people to access medicines as many countries have resorted to import and export restrictions, and it has been determined that the risk of excessive import dependency should be considered a risk that will provide the design element. The element of necessity in GATT Article XX(b) and (d), provides that alternative less trade-restrictive measures should not be considered when the subject of the dispute is a policy of localization in pharmaceuticals that is supported by international organizations.
In the first part of our study, the problems and solutions created by the legal protection regime for pharmaceuticals and technology transfer practices are evaluated in the context of the Trade-Related Intellectual Property Agreement. As a solution suggestion, it was determined that technology transfer should not be left to private companies, but policies should be developed on the basis of states and technology transfer practices for local production in the field of health should be implemented primarily. The second part provides a legal analysis of the judgment in the Türkiye-Pharmaceutical Products dispute. In the dispute, which is about pharmaceutical procurement under the pharmaceutical localizationpolicy, it was determined that GATT Article III:8(a) should be interpreted broadly, as pharmaceuticals are considered separate from trade in goods in international law and the problem of access to medicines is considered as a problem to be solved in the world. Under GATT XX(b), it has been observed that the COVID-19 pandemic has made it difficult for people to access medicines as many countries have resorted to import and export restrictions, and it has been determined that the risk of excessive import dependency should be considered a risk that will provide the design element. The element of necessity in GATT Article XX(b) and (d), provides that alternative less trade-restrictive measures should not be considered when the subject of the dispute is a policy of localization in pharmaceuticals that is supported by international organizations.
Description
Keywords
Drug industry, Fikri haklar, government procurement derogation, Intellectual property, ilaç, İlaç endüstrisi, kamu alım istisnası, Law and legislation, local production, pharmaceuticals, Technology transfer, Teknoloji transferi, Türkiye, Türkiye-Eczacılık, Türkiye-Pharmaceuticals, Ürünleri Technology transfer, Yasa ve yasama, yerel üretim
