Publication: Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye'nin (Madde 1096-1851) çeviri yazısı ve günümüz Türkçesine çevirisinin hazırlanması
Abstract
Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye'nin (Madde 1096-1851) çeviri yazısı ve günümüz Türkçesine çevirisinin hazırlanması Türkçe herkesin kullandığı bir dil olduğu için hep edebi metinler üzerinden çalışmalar yapmaktansa edebi metinlerin dışındaki metinlerin de değerli olduklarını bilmek ve onların da incelenmesini gerekli görmek gerekir. Bu sebeple çalışmada incelenecek metin olarak Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla söz konusu eserin hem çeviri yazısı hem günümüz Türkçesine çevirisi hem de incelenmesi ilk defa aynı eserde toplanmıştır. Bu da Türk dili alanında yararlı bir kaynak oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde Tanzimat Dönemi’ne kadar Medeni Kanun olarak nitelendirilebilecek herhangi bir yazılı kanun bulunmamaktaydı. Bir durum karşısında yazılı olmayan şeri kanunlar uygulanmaktaydı. Şeri kanun olarak da Hanefi mezhebine dahil olan içtihadler kullanılmaktaydı. Bunların yanında fetva mecmuları da davaların çözümünde başvurulan kaynaklardı. Bu fetva mecmuları her ne kadar yazılı kaynaklar olsa da bir bütün olarak yazılı bir Medeni Kanun olarak adlandırılamazdı. Bu durum karmaşık bir davanın çözüme kavuşturulmasında yeterli olmuyordu. Çünkü herhangi bir davada ticaretle alakalı bir durum olduğunda söz konusu kaynakların yanında ticari hükümlere de ihtiyaç duyuluyordu. O dönemde hali hazırda bulunan Ticaret Kānunnâme-i Hümâyunu bazı ticari konuları barındırmadığından ticaret mahkemeleri işlevini yerine getiremiyordu. Tüm bu eksiklikleri gidermek için kanun adamları yetiştirilmeye çalışılsa da bu girişim zaman alacağından yeni bir Medeni Kanun oluşturulmasına karar verilmiştir. Ahmed Cevdet Paşa ve heyeti Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye’nin hazırlanmasında bulunmuşlar ve bu kanun bir mukaddime ve 16 kitap olacak şekilde hazırlanıp yürürlüğe konmuştur. Her kitap kendi içinde bablara ve her bab da kendi içinde fasıllara ayrılmıştır. Belli bir süre yürürlükte kalan Mecelle daha sonra yürürlükten kaldırılmıştır.
Transcription of Mecelle-I Ahkam-I Adliyye (Articles 1096-1851) and preparation of its translation into today's Turkish Since Turkish is a language that everyone uses it is necessary to know that texts other than literary texts are also valuable and to consider them necessary to be examined rather than always working on literary texts. For this reason, Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye was chosen as the text to be examined in the study. With this study, both the transcription of the work in question, its translation into modern Turkish and its examination were collected in the same work for the first time. This shows that a useful resource has been formed in the field of Turkish language. In the Ottoman Empire, there was no written law that could be described as the Civil Code until the Tanzimat Period. In the event of a situation, unwritten Sharia laws were applied. The Hanafi school of thought was used as Sharia law. In addition to these, fatwa collections were also sources used in resolving cases. Although these fatwa collections were written sources, they could not be called a written Civil Code as a whole. This was not enough to resolve a complex case. Because in any case related to trade, commercial provisions were also needed in addition to the sources in question. Since the existing Commercial Code did not include some commercial issues at that time, commercial courts could not fulfill their function. Although attempts were made to train law officers to eliminate all these deficiencies, it was decided to create a new Civil Code since this initiative would take time. Ahmed Cevdet Pasha and his team were involved in the preparation of Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliyye and this code was prepared and put into effect as an introduction and 16 books. Each book was divided into chapters and each chapter was divided into sections. Mecelle, which remained in force for a certain period of time, was later repealed.
Transcription of Mecelle-I Ahkam-I Adliyye (Articles 1096-1851) and preparation of its translation into today's Turkish Since Turkish is a language that everyone uses it is necessary to know that texts other than literary texts are also valuable and to consider them necessary to be examined rather than always working on literary texts. For this reason, Mecelle-i Ahkâm-ı Adliyye was chosen as the text to be examined in the study. With this study, both the transcription of the work in question, its translation into modern Turkish and its examination were collected in the same work for the first time. This shows that a useful resource has been formed in the field of Turkish language. In the Ottoman Empire, there was no written law that could be described as the Civil Code until the Tanzimat Period. In the event of a situation, unwritten Sharia laws were applied. The Hanafi school of thought was used as Sharia law. In addition to these, fatwa collections were also sources used in resolving cases. Although these fatwa collections were written sources, they could not be called a written Civil Code as a whole. This was not enough to resolve a complex case. Because in any case related to trade, commercial provisions were also needed in addition to the sources in question. Since the existing Commercial Code did not include some commercial issues at that time, commercial courts could not fulfill their function. Although attempts were made to train law officers to eliminate all these deficiencies, it was decided to create a new Civil Code since this initiative would take time. Ahmed Cevdet Pasha and his team were involved in the preparation of Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliyye and this code was prepared and put into effect as an introduction and 16 books. Each book was divided into chapters and each chapter was divided into sections. Mecelle, which remained in force for a certain period of time, was later repealed.