Publication: Bir hukuki çare olarak üye devlet sorumluluğu
Abstract
Ekonomik ortaklık temelli bir topluluk olarak “Avrupa Ekonomik Topluluğu”adıyla kurulan Avrupa Birliği (AB) ilerleyen süreçte siyasi birlik olma amacıyla daha dagenişletilmiş hedefler ortaya koymuştur. Bu doğrultuda AB daha da kurumsallaşmış veotoriter konuma gelmiştir. Bundan dolayı AB’ye yüklenen sorumluluklar da artarakgenişlemiştir.AB vatandaşlığı ve AB ordusunun kurulmasıyla güçlü bir yapı öngören AB,bunun yanında Birlik üye devletlerinin ve Birlik organlarının eylem ve işlemlerinindenetim ve geçerliliğinin kontrolü için kendi yargı sistemini kurmuştur. Bu yargısisteminin temelini de Lüksemburg merkezli Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı (ABAD)oluşturmuştur. ABAD özellikle Birlik normlarının tüm üye ülkelerde uygulanmasınoktasında çıkacak eksiklik ve hataları önleme görev ve yetkisine sahiptir. Bu müşterekbir hukuk sistemi kurma amacının doğal ve zorunlu bir sonucudur.ABAD, Birlik hukukunun uygulanmasında gerek Birliğin organlarından gereksede üye devletlerin sorumluluğundan kaynaklı doğacak zararların tazmininde asli görevve yetkiye sahiptir. Bu birey olarak vatandaşın güçlü olan devlet karşısında korunmasıve haklarının hukuki bir çare olarak güvence altına alınması bakımından hukuk devletiilkesinin de bir gereğidir. Bu tez çalışmamla vatandaş karşısında üye devletin veBirliğin ne tür bir sorumluluğunun olduğu ve bu sorumluluğa ilişkin şartların nelerolduğu konuları ayrı ayrı irdelenecek ve bu çerçevede ABAD’ın emsal kararları,içtihatları ışığında sonuca ulaşılacaktır.
The European Union (EU), which was founded on an economic partnershipbasis and named “European Economic Community” in the beginning, has set extendedgoals to become a political union afterwards. In this direction, EU has become moreinstitutionalized and authoritarian. Therefore, the liabilities that are imposed on the EUhave also increased and expanded.The EU, which envisages a strong structure through the establishment of EUcitizenship and the establishment of the EU army, has also established its own judicialsystem in order to audit and control validity of the actions and procedures of the Unionmember states and Union organs. The basis of this judicial system is Luxembourg-basedEuropean Court of Justice (ECJ). In particular, the ECJ has the duty and authority toprevent deficiencies and errors that may arise in the implementation of Union norms inall member states. This is a natural and imperative consequence of the aim ofestablishing a common legal system.The ECJ has the essential duty and authority to compensate for damages arisingfrom the Union's organs and the liability of the member states in the implementation ofthe Union law. It is also a requirement of the principle of the rule of law, in terms ofprotecting the citizen as an individual against the powerful state and securing theirrights as a legal remedy. With this thesis, the issues of what kind of liabilities themember state and the Union have against the citizen and what are the conditions for thisliability will be examined separately and the conclusions will be reached in the light ofthe leading cases and jurisprudences of the ECJ.
The European Union (EU), which was founded on an economic partnershipbasis and named “European Economic Community” in the beginning, has set extendedgoals to become a political union afterwards. In this direction, EU has become moreinstitutionalized and authoritarian. Therefore, the liabilities that are imposed on the EUhave also increased and expanded.The EU, which envisages a strong structure through the establishment of EUcitizenship and the establishment of the EU army, has also established its own judicialsystem in order to audit and control validity of the actions and procedures of the Unionmember states and Union organs. The basis of this judicial system is Luxembourg-basedEuropean Court of Justice (ECJ). In particular, the ECJ has the duty and authority toprevent deficiencies and errors that may arise in the implementation of Union norms inall member states. This is a natural and imperative consequence of the aim ofestablishing a common legal system.The ECJ has the essential duty and authority to compensate for damages arisingfrom the Union's organs and the liability of the member states in the implementation ofthe Union law. It is also a requirement of the principle of the rule of law, in terms ofprotecting the citizen as an individual against the powerful state and securing theirrights as a legal remedy. With this thesis, the issues of what kind of liabilities themember state and the Union have against the citizen and what are the conditions for thisliability will be examined separately and the conclusions will be reached in the light ofthe leading cases and jurisprudences of the ECJ.