Publication: Mortage uygulaması ve krizin nedenleri-etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
İlk çağlardan günümüze kadar insanlığın en önemli ihtiyaçlarından biri konut ihtiyacı olmuştur. Konut ihtiyacı konut sektörünü oluşturmuştur. Konut sektörünün en önemli sorunu: Konut üreticilerine ve konut alıcılarına düşük faizli ve uzun vadeli kredilerin sağlanmasıdır. Buradan hareketle tezin konusunu Ülkemiz için son yıllarda büyük önem taşıyan ve Türkiye’nin ekonomik, sosyal ve endüstriyel gelişimine önemli katkıda bulunacak, konut almak isteyenlere uzun vadeli ve düşük faizli kredi imkanı sağlayacak olan “mortgage” diye de ifade edilen ipotekli konut finans sistemi oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada konut sorunu ve konut finansman sistemleri, konut finansmanında mortgage sistemi, kurumsal ve yasal çerçevesiyle mortgage sisteminin Türkiye uygulaması ile gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki mortgage sistemleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca 2008 yılının başlarından itibaren belirgin olarak Amerika’da başlayan ve diğer ülkelere de sıçrayan “mortgage” kaynaklı mali krizin nedenleri, krizin nasıl küreselleştiği ve gelişim süreci incelenmiş, krizin Türkiye’ye etkileri nelerdir? Sorusuna cevap verebilmek amacıyla makro ekonomik veriler incelenerek, krizin Türkiye üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Mortgage sisteminin, sağlıklı işlerliğinin sağlanamaması durumunda; krizlere zemin oluşturması ya da oluşan krizlerin etkisini arttırması nedeniyle, dikkatle izlenmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
From First Ages until to the present-day, one of the most important need, for humanity, have been demand of dwelling. The demand of dwelling has crated the sector of dwelling. In addition to, the most crucial issue of the dwelling sector is that providing low interest and long payment term of loans to producers and buyers of dwelling. Therefore, the subject of thesis, that is fateful of late years in our nation, is significantly contributing to develop Turkey economically, socially and industrially. At the same time, a system has been created that is called “mortgage” an encumbered dwelling finacial system. And, it provides long payment term and low interest of loans who desire to buy a house. In this work, it analyzes the problem of dwelling, financing of dwelling systems, the appearance of mortgage system in financing of dwelling, the application of mortgage systems in Turkey in terms of institutinal and juridical areas and also the mortgage systems in other countries which are being developed and alredy improved. Furthermore, the causes of financial crisis originating from “mortgage”, how the crisis becomes global and the crisis which its duration of improvement is examined that effects Turkey that has been started in United Stated of America and has spreaded to other countries since the early of 2008. To answer this question, macro economic datas have been examined and have studied the effects of the crisis over Turkey. Due to not providing healthy operations, providing basis to crisis or increasing effects of the crisis that has been occured, the mortgage system should be closely monitored in conclusion.
From First Ages until to the present-day, one of the most important need, for humanity, have been demand of dwelling. The demand of dwelling has crated the sector of dwelling. In addition to, the most crucial issue of the dwelling sector is that providing low interest and long payment term of loans to producers and buyers of dwelling. Therefore, the subject of thesis, that is fateful of late years in our nation, is significantly contributing to develop Turkey economically, socially and industrially. At the same time, a system has been created that is called “mortgage” an encumbered dwelling finacial system. And, it provides long payment term and low interest of loans who desire to buy a house. In this work, it analyzes the problem of dwelling, financing of dwelling systems, the appearance of mortgage system in financing of dwelling, the application of mortgage systems in Turkey in terms of institutinal and juridical areas and also the mortgage systems in other countries which are being developed and alredy improved. Furthermore, the causes of financial crisis originating from “mortgage”, how the crisis becomes global and the crisis which its duration of improvement is examined that effects Turkey that has been started in United Stated of America and has spreaded to other countries since the early of 2008. To answer this question, macro economic datas have been examined and have studied the effects of the crisis over Turkey. Due to not providing healthy operations, providing basis to crisis or increasing effects of the crisis that has been occured, the mortgage system should be closely monitored in conclusion.