Publication: Eskiçağ'da Anadolu Ekonomisi
Abstract
Anadolu, Asur Koloni Çağı ÖZET Tezimizde, Asur Ticaret Kolonileri çağı olarak tanımlanan (M.Ö 1950-1750) dönemde Eski Anadolu tarihi araştırılmıştır. M.Ö. 1950’li yıllarda başladığı kabul edilen Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Devri, Anadolu tarihinin başlangıcı olması nedeniyle, dünya tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Anadolu’nun güvenilir bir bölge olması yanında zengin maden yataklarının varlığı, Asurlu tüccarların burada ticaret yapmasına sebep olmuştur. Asurlu tüccarlar Anadolu’ya kalay, kaliteli kumaşlar, süs eşyaları getirmişler, Anadolu’nun altın, gümüş, amutum, birtum madenlerini, yün keçi kılı ve az miktarda bakırı da Asur’a sevk etmişlerdir. Asur Ticaret Kolonileri Çağında Anadolu’da şehir krallıkları vardı. Tüccarlar ticaretlerini yerli beylerin izniyle yapıyorlardı. Tüccarlar, yerlilerin oturdukları höyüklerin civarında kurmuş oldukları Karumlarda ‘’büyük ticaret merkezi’’ veya wabartumlarda ‘’küçük ticaret merkezi’’ oturmaktaydılar. Eski Anadolu tarihi hakkında bilgi veren en eski kaynaklar, Asurlu tüccarlardan kalan Kültepe tabletleridir. Bu belgeler, Asurlu tüccarların Anadolu’ya geliş amaçları doğrultusunda çoğunlukla ticari nitelikli olup çok az kısmı da Anadolu’nun sosyal, idari ve siyasi yapısını yansıtmaktadır. M.Ö 1600’lerin ilk yarısında Anadolu’da ortaya çıkan Hititler, Asur Ticaret Kolonilerine bağlı bazı kentleri ele geçirdiler. Bu gelişmeler Asur Ticaret sömürüsü altında ezilen Anadolu kent halklarının Hititleri kurtarıcı olarak görmelerine sebep olmuştur. Hitit ekonomisi tarım ve hayvancılık üzerine kurulmuştur. Hitit Devletinin çok örgütlü ve düzenli bir orduya sahip olması ve bu ordunun masraflarını karşılayabilmek için çok iyi bir örgütlenme gerçekleştirmesi gerekiyordu. Key Words :Anatolia, the Assyrian Colony Period
In this thesis, The history of Ancient Anatolia was investigated as defined Assyrian Trade Colonies age (1950-1750 BC). In general acceptance started at 1950’s BC, this age is the start of Anatolian History and because of this has an important place in world history. Assyrian merchants came to Anatolia which was reliable and close to Assyria for trade and rich mineral deposits. They brought tin, quality fabrics and ornaments to Anatolia in exchange for gold, silver, amutum mines, wool, goat hair and some copper. In this period there were City Kingdoms in Anatolia. Merchants were doing business with the permission of the local Begs. Merchants set up Karums (big trade centers) and Wabartums (small trade centers) at vicinity of mounds where local people were living. Written by Assyrian Merchants, Kultepe tablets are the oldest source of Ancient Anatolia. Most of these tablets are related to trade and business and also some of them are related to social, administrative and political structures of Ancient Anatolia. Hittites of Anatolia which arise in the first half of BC 1600’s captured some cities which were controlled by Assyrian Trade Colonies. These developments made Hittites hero in the eyes of the Anatolian people whose suffering from commercial exploitation of Assyrian. Hittites economy was based on agriculture and livestock. Hittites state must have been well organized for covering the costs of standing army.
In this thesis, The history of Ancient Anatolia was investigated as defined Assyrian Trade Colonies age (1950-1750 BC). In general acceptance started at 1950’s BC, this age is the start of Anatolian History and because of this has an important place in world history. Assyrian merchants came to Anatolia which was reliable and close to Assyria for trade and rich mineral deposits. They brought tin, quality fabrics and ornaments to Anatolia in exchange for gold, silver, amutum mines, wool, goat hair and some copper. In this period there were City Kingdoms in Anatolia. Merchants were doing business with the permission of the local Begs. Merchants set up Karums (big trade centers) and Wabartums (small trade centers) at vicinity of mounds where local people were living. Written by Assyrian Merchants, Kultepe tablets are the oldest source of Ancient Anatolia. Most of these tablets are related to trade and business and also some of them are related to social, administrative and political structures of Ancient Anatolia. Hittites of Anatolia which arise in the first half of BC 1600’s captured some cities which were controlled by Assyrian Trade Colonies. These developments made Hittites hero in the eyes of the Anatolian people whose suffering from commercial exploitation of Assyrian. Hittites economy was based on agriculture and livestock. Hittites state must have been well organized for covering the costs of standing army.