Publication: Mehmet Rif’at Efendi’nin “nefhatü’r-riyazi’l-aliye” adlı eserinin ışığında Anadolu’da kadirilik : [1. cilt]
Abstract
Nefhatü'r-riyâzi’l-âliye fî beyân-i tarikati’l-Kādiriyye’nin müellifi Mehmet Ri‘fat Efendi, 19. asrın başında yaşamış Kādirî-Eşrefî bir âlimdir. Nefha aynı dönemde yazılmış sûfî biyografileri ve tarîkat ansiklopedilerinden farklı olarak sadece Kādirîliğe tahsîs edilmiş olması bakımından önemlidir. Müellif başta Abdülkādir Geylânî olmak üzere farklı coğrafyalarda yaşamış 388 Kādirî şeyhini tanıtır ve 51 dergâhını zikreder. Nefha’yı esas aldığımız çalışmamızda ilk bölüm, Abdülkādir Geylânî’nin hayatına, tasavvufî şahsiyetine ve sadece Rif‘at Efendi’nin zikrettiği eserlerine tahsîs edilmiştir. Geylânî’nin hayatı, tarihî kronolojiyi takîp ederek ağırlıklı olarak bir ‘velî’nin biyografisini en net ortaya koyan menkıbeler değerlendirilerek yazılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise Geylânî’nin kurduğu Kādirîliğin yayılmasında önceliğe sahip evlâtlarına geniş yer verilmiştir. Pîr’in medresesinde ve vaaz meclisinde bulunan âlimler ve sûfîler kendisinden ilim öğrendikleri gibi tarîkat almışlar ve Kādirîliğin neşrinde büyük hizmet etmişlerdir. Şöhreti tarîkatını da aşan bir ünvâna sahip Geylânî’nin kurduğu tarîkat ilk olarak kabul edilir. Bu sebeple tasavvuf tarîhindeki meşhûr birçok tarîkat pîri kendisiyle irtibatlandırılmış ve tarîkatları da Kādirîliğin bir şubesi olarak kabul etmiştir. Geylânî ailesinden Anadolu’ya gelen sayılı birkaç zevât dışında müellifi takîben Eşrefîlik ve Rûmîlik kollarına üçüncü bölümde geniş bir yer ayrılmıştır. İznik’de medfûn Eşrefoğlu’nun kurduğu Eşrefîlik, XV. asırda Bursa ve çevresinde etkili olmuş, Kādirîliğin Anadolu’daki ilk temsilcisidir. İznik âsitânesi başta olmak üzere Bursa ve çevresinde tespit edebildiğimiz kadarıyla 9 Eşrefî tekkesi inşâ edilmiştir. İstanbul’daki Abdal Yakub Tekkesi Eşrefîlerin en önemli tarîkat merkezidir. İsmâîl Rûmî tarafından tesîs edilen Rûmiyye ise XVII. yüzyılda ortaya çıkmış ve İstanbul’un tasavvuf hayatında son derece etkili olmuştur. Tarîkatın merkezi Tophane’de Rûmî tarafından yapılan Kādirihâne’dir. Nefha Rûmî’nin hayatı hakkında ilk kaynak olarak kabul edilmektedir.
Mehmet Ri‘fat Efendi, the writer of Nefhatü'r-riyâzi’l-âliye fî beyân-i tarikati’l-Kādiriyye, was a Kādirî (Qadiri)-Eşrefî scholar of the 19th century. Nefha’s importance comes from its sole dedication to Qadiriyya which makes it different from other sufi biographies and tariqah encyclopedias. The author introduces 388 Qadiri sheikhs from various places beginning with Abdülkādir Geylânî and mentions about 51 dervish lodges. In the first section of our study, the base of which is Nefha, the life and sufi personality Abdülkādir Geylânî is dwelt upon along with his works of which Rif‘at Efendi mentions in his book. Geylânî’s life is written chronologically, taking into consideration the sagas which would most precisely sum up the life of the sage. The second section is largely on Geylânî’s children who had important roles on the spread of Qadiriyya. The scholars and Sufis who had attended to the madrasah and majlis of the Sage and learnt about the tariqah served a great service for the spread of Qadiriyya. The tariqah of Geylânî, whose fame is much above the tariqah he established, is considered as the first tariqah. Therefore, the tariqahs of many famous tariqah founders at the history of tasavvuf had been attributed to Geylânî’s and their tariqahs were considered as a branch of Qadiriyya. At the third section, following to the steps of the author Rif‘at Efendi, apart from a few respected members of the Geylânî family who had come to Anatolia, Eşrefî and Rûmî branches are also dwelt upon. The Eşrefism founded by Eşrefoğlu (who was buried in İznik) was effectual at Bursa and its whereabouts at the 15th century. It was the first representation of Qadiriyyah in Anatolia. As far as we can confirm, 9 Eşrefî hanqahs had been built in Bursa and around. The Abdal Yakub Lodge was the most important center of Eşrefîs. Rûmîsm, established by İsmâîl Rûmî, had appeared at the 17th century and was very effectual at the sufi life of Istanbul. The center of the tariqah is Kādirihâne which was built by Rûmî at Tophane. Nefha is accepted as the first source about the life of Rûmî.
Mehmet Ri‘fat Efendi, the writer of Nefhatü'r-riyâzi’l-âliye fî beyân-i tarikati’l-Kādiriyye, was a Kādirî (Qadiri)-Eşrefî scholar of the 19th century. Nefha’s importance comes from its sole dedication to Qadiriyya which makes it different from other sufi biographies and tariqah encyclopedias. The author introduces 388 Qadiri sheikhs from various places beginning with Abdülkādir Geylânî and mentions about 51 dervish lodges. In the first section of our study, the base of which is Nefha, the life and sufi personality Abdülkādir Geylânî is dwelt upon along with his works of which Rif‘at Efendi mentions in his book. Geylânî’s life is written chronologically, taking into consideration the sagas which would most precisely sum up the life of the sage. The second section is largely on Geylânî’s children who had important roles on the spread of Qadiriyya. The scholars and Sufis who had attended to the madrasah and majlis of the Sage and learnt about the tariqah served a great service for the spread of Qadiriyya. The tariqah of Geylânî, whose fame is much above the tariqah he established, is considered as the first tariqah. Therefore, the tariqahs of many famous tariqah founders at the history of tasavvuf had been attributed to Geylânî’s and their tariqahs were considered as a branch of Qadiriyya. At the third section, following to the steps of the author Rif‘at Efendi, apart from a few respected members of the Geylânî family who had come to Anatolia, Eşrefî and Rûmî branches are also dwelt upon. The Eşrefism founded by Eşrefoğlu (who was buried in İznik) was effectual at Bursa and its whereabouts at the 15th century. It was the first representation of Qadiriyyah in Anatolia. As far as we can confirm, 9 Eşrefî hanqahs had been built in Bursa and around. The Abdal Yakub Lodge was the most important center of Eşrefîs. Rûmîsm, established by İsmâîl Rûmî, had appeared at the 17th century and was very effectual at the sufi life of Istanbul. The center of the tariqah is Kādirihâne which was built by Rûmî at Tophane. Nefha is accepted as the first source about the life of Rûmî.